Municipal Finance in Poland,the Slovak Republic,the Czech Republic and Hungary: Institutional Framework and Recent Development

The recent process of political and economic transition in eastern European countries has not only contributed to the decentralisation of political structure but also significantly enhanced the fiscal autonomy of municipalities in these countries. In this context many similar types of public activities have recently been assigned to local governments, and some taxes were also declared to be local taxes. To be sure, this type of fiscal decentralisation has caused some additional problems, particularly for safeguarding the quality of publicly provided goods and services and for co-ordinating intergovernmental fiscal transfers between the central and local governments. For instance, some criticise that many small-sized municipalities in the transition economies have suffered from financial bottlenecks and have not been able to receive sufficient financial support from the central government. However, such a fiscal devolution trend appears to continue. This study primarily deals with issues surrounding the impact of national fiscal policy and the regulatory framework on local governments' expenditure behaviour and their ability to mobilise necessary revenues under the particular consideration of the institutional and administrative co-operation with the central government and of the less well-developed financial market in Poland, the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic and Hungary.     

地方高校英语专业人才培养的问题及对策研究

在当前全国就业压力形势较为严峻,但各知名高校、重点大学的毕业生纷纷趋向大城市,而中小城市以及农村却又急需大量人才的背景下,地方高校承担着对地方经济社会发展培养实用性人才的任务。但当前地方高校的人才培养模式还不能够完全适应于地方经济社会的发展,尤其在英语专业的人才培养方面更为突出。因此,发掘现有地方高校英语专业的人才培养中出现的问题,并找到相应的解决思路,是各教育管理部门和教育工作者必须面对和认真思考的问题。     

茂名滨海新区招商企业类型对地方税收贡献问题研究

从茂名滨海新区发展的基本情况及经济发展趋势入手,广泛收集相关的税收资料,进行分类整理,按照企业类型运用趋势、对比等分析方法,分析不同企业类型的税收对地方税收总收入贡献的影响,最后得出结论并提出相关建议。     

Loan price modelling for local governments using risk premium analysis

Previous studies have highlighted the question of government loan interest as one of great current importance. Government borrowing levels are high, and reducing interest payments would generate savings to meet other spending needs and/or to lower taxation, thus supporting the sustainability of public finances. However, no previous study has presented a method for a local government to calculate its own credit risk and thus be in a position to negotiate lower interest rates on its borrowing. This article defines a financial model that enables local governments to estimate the interest rate payable on a bank loan, based on their credit risk premium, in accordance with the Basel II rules and the findings of our empirical study of large local governments.