集成化供应链及其绩效评价框架研究

通过借鉴企业绩效评价理论,明确界定了集成化供应链绩效评价的需求主体、评价范围、评价原则等基本内涵。进而在内涵明确的基础上,通过对集成化供应链战略目标及其关键绩效的分析,初步建立集成化供应链绩效评价框架。并将这一框架与平衡记分卡和SCOR绩效评价框架进行了比较,验证了其合理性。     

中国区域旅游产业结构变化的空间差异分析

利用区位熵、产业集中度指数和产业结构变化指数以及产业结构变化方向四个理论模型,以2000—2009年旅游产业统计数据基础,分析了我国不同区域旅游核心产业之间的变化及差异。结果表明：旅游核心产业的区位熵总体呈现出东高西低的梯度递减格局,其中旅行社业的区域特征最为明显。从多年的发展趋势来看,我国旅游产业的区位熵总体呈现出区域均衡化发展的趋势;产业集中度指数方面区域特征相对较弱,但总体向酒店行业集中。发展趋势方面,总体呈现出逐年降低的趋势,说明我国旅游产业间的空间差异也在向均衡化发展;产业结构变化指数近年来发展趋势相对平缓,空间方面总体呈现出北大南小,东、西部变化大,中部小的格局;产业结构变化方向有一定差异,但较为一致,总体表现为旅游景区业和旅行社业上升,旅游星级饭店业下降的趋势。     

Productivity Dispersion and Measurement Error

Several reasons have been put forward to explain the high dispersion of productivity across establishments: quality of management, different input usage and market distortions, to name but a few. Although it is acknowledged that a sizable portion of productivity dispersion may also be due to measurement error, little research has been devoted to identifying how much they contribute. We outline a novel procedure for identifying the role of measurement error in explaining the empirical dispersion of productivity across establishments. The starting point of our framework is the errors-in-variable model consisting of a measurement equation and a structural equation for latent productivity. We estimate the variance of the measurement error and subsequently estimate the variance of the latent productivity variable, which is not contaminated by measurement error. Using Norwegian data on the manufacture of food products, we find that about one percent of the measured dispersion stems from measurement error.     

我国政府间转移支付制度均等化 效应测度与评价——基于横向财力失衡的多维视角分析

本文以我国横向财力失衡的财政调节效应为视角,采用省级财政收支数据、中央财政转移支付以及我国各区域人口数据,运用泰尔熵指数模型对我国现行政府间转移支付制度的财力均等化效应进行了多维测度与分析。结果表明,中央转移支付制度对横向财力失衡的调节方向和调节力度呈现多重性、复杂性特征。最后,本文围绕我国政府间转移支付制度均等化定位提升、策略调整以及制度创新等多层面提出了对策建议。     

我国区位优势对制造业集聚影响的实证研究

对我国29个省(自治区、直辖市)的区位优势和20个制造业细分行业的集聚水平进行了测算,采用系统广义矩估计方法实证分析了区位优势对制造业集聚的影响。结果表明:区位优势与制造业各行业的集聚程度显著相关:大多数现代制造业和依赖规模经济的制造业与区位优势正相关,大部分传统制造业与区位优势负相关;不同的制造业细分行业侧重不同方面的区位优势。     

Mismatch between Material Deprivation and Income Poverty: The Case of Turkey

By employing cross-sectional data obtained from Survey of Income and Living Conditions for the years from 2007 to 2011, we analyze the identification problem of the poor by using both monetary and non-monetary measures. We classify the poor into the following categories: (i) poor in monetary and nonmonetary measures, (ii) poor in monetary measure only, (iii) poor in non-monetary measure only, and (iv) non-poor in both categories. We examine the determinants of each category by utilizing the probit model and find that the share of workers in adults — or the share of informal or agricultural workers — creates some disparities between poverty at a country and regional level.     

Are the BRIC countries overtaking intermediate countries in the race for international R&D? The case of Spain

The emergence of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) as international locations for foreign direct investment in R&D is a sign that multinationals are relocating their technological activities to new territories. This trend may weaken the supremacy of the developed countries until now considered leaders in innovation, and may mean the loss of the competitive advantages enjoyed by the countries considered intermediate innovators. This paper examines the situation of Spain as a typical intermediate economy and compares it to its main competitors among the BRICs. Based on eight case studies of subsidiaries with R&D centres in Spain, we conclude that the policies adopted by certain emerging economies to develop their national innovation systems are proving effective and that these countries now pose a threat to intermediate economies. However, the BRICs still lag behind in terms of the security of their institutional framework; this situation leaves intermediate countries in an advantageous position.     

Regional foreign direct investment and technology spillover: evidence across different clusters in India

This paper examines whether there exist productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to domestic firms at the regional level, using firm-level panel dataset covering 22 manufacturing industries in India from 2000 to 2012. In order to estimate the productivity spillovers from FDI at the regional level, we select 10 industrial clusters across 4 regions in India. In estimating productivity, we control for a possible simultaneity bias by using semi-parametric estimation techniques. We find that local firms benefit from horizontal and vertical FDI, but the benefits from the latter are found to be substantially stronger. The absorptive capacity of domestic firms is highly relevant to harvest the spilled technology from foreign-owned firms. Furthermore, we find that domestic firms belonging to high-technology industries benefit more from FDI at the regional level. We also find that market concentration is a crucial conduit for firm innovation, technological upgradation, and having a direct effect on local firm total factor productivity.     

Asymptotic expansion of S-estimators of location and covariance

By means of a straightforward application of empirical process theory, we show that S-estimators of multivariate location and covariance are asymptotically equivalent to a sum of independent vector and matrix valued random elements respectively. This provides an alternative proof of asymptotic normality of S-estimators and clearly explains the limiting covariance structure. It also leads to a relatively simple proof of asymptotic normality of the length of the shortest α-fraction.     

Linear Programming Models for the Measurement of Environmental Performance of Firms—Concepts and Empirical Results

I use linear programming models to define standardised, aggregate environmental performance indicators for firms. The best practice frontier obtained corresponds to decision making units showing the best environmental behaviour. Results are obtained with data from U.S. fossil fuel-fired electric utilities, starting from four alternative models, among which are three linear programming models that differ in the way they account for undesirable outputs (pollutants) and resources used as inputs. The results indicate important discrepancies in the rankings obtained by the four models. Rather than contradictory, these results are interpreted as giving different, complementary kinds of information, that should all be taken into account by public decision-makers.