我国城镇居民收入分配差距的实证研究

笔者首先计算了几种度量收入分配差距的指标,从不同角度的分析得到了我国城镇居民收入分配差距不断扩大的结论;其次估计了我国城镇居民的基尼系数.通过计量经济模型,检验了高、中、低各阶层可支配收入与收入分配差距之间的关系,得出结论:增加中低收入阶层的可支配收入,遏制高收入阶层可支配收入,可以减小基尼系数,从而降低收入分配差距;进一步通过模型发现,我国发达地区的经济发展和收入分配差距呈现出倒U型规律,说明经济发展达到一定水平,收入分配差距有望缩小.     

对我国农村教育现状及发展的思考

农村教育是中国教育改革和发展的重点。20世纪90年代中期之后,随着财政体制与农村经济状况的变化,农村教育出现了形势严峻、困难重重的状况。因此,大力发展农村教育,把沉重的人口负担转变为人力资源的优势,不仅是教育发展的重要目标,也是影响现代化建设进程的战略性任务。     

The hydroelectricity consumption and economic growth in Asian countries - evidence using an asymmetric cointegration approach

ABSTRACT

This study examines the four commonly tested hypotheses in hydroelectricity consumption – economic growth literature for 12 Asian countries. Our results from a recently developed hidden cointegration technique uncover rich and significant relationships between negative and positive components of the variables under consideration. In particular, we find evidence to support the neutrality hypothesis in five countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, and Thailand), the growth hypothesis in four countries (India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan), and both growth and conservation hypotheses in three countries (China, Malaysia, and New Zealand). These findings suggest that appropriate economic policies should be elaborated on the basis of the country’s specific hydroelectricity consumption–growth nexus. Finally, our new evidence suggests that the lack of stable relationship between hydroelectricity consumption and economic growth documented in previous studies for some of these countries could be due to the failure to properly account for the nonlinearity property in the data.     

Gender differences in self‐employment

This paper examines the factors that influence transitions into self‐employment, paying particular attention to gender differences. We find that: (i) men are more responsive to the wage differential between wage/salaried employment and self‐employment; (ii) liquidity constraints are more important for men; and (iii) the link between father's self‐employment status and the probability of self‐employment is stronger for men. Taken together, these results suggest that, for women, self‐employment is a closer substitute for part‐time work and labour‐market inactivity than it is for men. We attribute such differences to the different labour market opportunities and occupational strategies of women.     

东道国因素与东道国外商直接投资特征

国际直接投资时空分布的差异性对忽视东道国因素的西方国际投资理论提出了挑战。东道国因素对国际生产资本地域运动有很大的影响,国际直接投资是东道国因素与投资主体综合作用的结果,东道国环境、体制、政策系统的状态特征决定了东道国外资特征。     

Banks’ non-traditional activities under regulatory changes: impact on risk,performance and capital adequacy

Using the big six Canadian chartered banks quarterly financial statements and daily stock market data from 1982 to 2018, we examine the impact of non-interest income on Canadian banks’ risk, performance and capital under the different major regulatory changes made to the Bank Act of Canada. Our results show that Canadian banks’ expansion into non-traditional activities had slightly decreased their risks and significantly improved their performance benefitting from income diversification. Moreover, while adhering to capital adequacy regulation, reshuffling banks’ portfolio towards non-traditional activities did not reduce Canadian banks’ capital ratio. In spite of the re-regulation towards universal banking against ring-fencing, this feature buttresses the effectiveness of capital adequacy regulation in Canada in linking banks capital allocation with their risk taking.     

从性别角度探究福建茶叶产业的工资收入问题

本文在国内外文献研究的基础上，运用经济学及社会学的方法，从性别分析的角度对福建茶叶产业工人的工资收入问题做定量分析。分析结果显示教育与培训对工资收入影响不大，性别因素间接影响工资收入，地区因素直接影响福建茶叶产业工资收入，分析结果具有一定的政策含义。     

公共产品缺乏是造成住房价格偏高的重要原因

近年来，我国住房价格不断上涨，但房价仍在消费者承受范围内；房地产开发企业并未出现普遍的暴利行为；居民人均购房与建房支出占家庭收入的比重也没有明显的增加。由于公共产品不足，居民家庭教育和医疗支出所占的比重迅速提高，消费者对未来收入和支出的不确定性预期增强，购房能力相对下降。消费者越来越不敢花钱，也就越来越觉得住房价格高，因此，公共产品缺乏是造成住房价格偏高的重要原因。     

不同地区低保标准比较的参照基准研究

为了适应社会主义市场经济稳定发展的需要,各地区陆续实行了城镇居民最低生活保障金制度。但因各地区经济发展水平、物价指数以及消费习惯等原因,保障金水平差异较大。对各地区“低保”标准合理性作比较时,往往缺乏一个较为客观的参照基准。根据各地区城镇居民家庭平均月支出水平与恩格尔系数之间的关系创建了最低生活保障参照基准LSBi和最低生活保障参照系数LSCi,并对选定的一批样本城市的实际低保水平作了验证与比较,具有可操作性。     

全球金融体系的脆弱性与发展中国家的金融安全

全球金融体系脆弱性的根源在于金融经济脱离实质经济的过度扩张。恐慌有自我正名的能力,由于市场的双重标准的存在,与发达国家相比,发展中国家抵抗恐慌自我正名机制的能力更加脆弱。在金融全球化的背景下,一个国家的经济体受到恐慌自我正名机制的攻击而爆发金融危机时,危机产生的破坏性影响会通过一定的途径扩散到其它的一些国家,使得发展中国家面临着空前的系统性风险,从而加剧了发展中国家面临的挑战。