油田企业实施低成本战略的难点与对策

实施科学的低成本战略、不断提升经济效益,是我国油田企业在激烈的国际竞争中求得发展的必由之路.文章提出,国内油田企业成本管理战略的构建和实施,应在正确认识中外石油企业油气操作成本差距的基础上,充分考虑中外企业所处地理、人文和社会环境的差异,依靠管理体制机制和管理手段的创新,推动成本管理变革,提升企业国际竞争力.     

400MHz高速数据采集系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种用ECL逻辑和TTL逻辑器件构成的高速数据采集系统，采样频率为400MHz。系统实现简单，工作稳定。对系统进行的性能测试表明其有效位数为6位以上，满足实际应用的需要，适用于高速数字信号处理领域。     

室外空调管道及供热工程设计

文章对室外空调管道及供热工程完成了设计,着重解决了管道走向、管径、可靠性、安全度、保温、供热方案的选择等问题。     

Poverty and fat consumption: Education poor or income poor?

In this paper, we question the role of added fats on health disparities in the French case and its policy implications. Since low-status populations are proven to have more nutritional pathologies, can we evidence fat consumption specificity in poor populations? We first verify the strong sensitivity of fat consumption to income and education, criteria which both characterize deprived populations. We estimate a demand system taking into account the selection issue. For this we propose a modification of the Shonkwiler and Yen's procedure which, unlike Heckman's, allows participation on every market of products to be controlled for. We use the latter procedure on a set of seven fat categories which have different, including opposite, health attributes. Our results show that segmentation following income and/or education essentially affects price elasticities. This offers different perspectives for health policies. Controlling fat consumption through prices appears easier among low-income households than among low-education households.     

低渗特低渗储层的潜在伤害问题及对策

在勘探开发生产过程中,低渗、特低渗储层比中、高渗储层更容易受到伤害,并且,储层受到伤害后要解除伤害也更加困难。所以,要提高储量占我国油气总储量四分之一左右的低渗、特低渗储层的勘探开发效果及效益,搞好低渗、特低渗储层的保护工作就尤为重要。要搞好保护油气层工作的前提,是要对待保护储层的潜在伤害问题进行比较清楚的认识。对全国各油田进行的低渗特低渗储层的潜在伤害评价资料进行了比较全面系统的分析研究,确定出了我国低渗特低渗油田的主要潜在伤害问题,提出了在勘探开发生产过程中减轻这些伤害的对策,以便为勘探开发生产过程中开展低渗特低渗储层的保护工作提供必要的参考依据。     

长沙低碳酒店初探

本文是在消化低碳、低碳经济、旅游可持续发展理论、脱钩理论的基础上,参考大量国内外有关低碳酒店相关文献后,提出低碳酒店的概念。希望启发对长沙低碳酒店研究的思考。     

低碳经济背景下广西产业集群的发展困境与升级策略研究

文章把广西产业集群分成三种:资源禀赋型、市场依托型、大企业主导型,文章通过分析广西三种类型的产业集群的发展困境,提出了低碳经济背景下广西产业集群升级策略。     

我国废弃物物琉管理存在的问题及其对策分析

我国废弃物有着结构复杂、处理迫切等特点,随着人们环保意识的提高．作为经济可持续发展重要组成部分的废弃物物流的价值日益显现。但我国在进行废弃物物流管理时却存在着诸如环保意识淡薄、政府监管力度不足、技术欠缺、产业化程度低等问题。鉴于这些问题,应该加大媒体宣传力度．强化全民环保意识．加强政府监督和标准制定、加大废弃物物流设备、技术研发力度以及构建新型废弃物物流运作模式．以提高我国废弃物物流管理水平。     

Supporting ALARP decision making by cost benefit analysis and multiattribute utility theory

Current guidance in the UK and elsewhere indicate upper and target risk limits for the operation of nuclear plant in terms of individual risk per annum. ‘As low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) arguments are used to justify the acceptance or rejection of policies that lead to risk changes between these limits. The suitability of cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) and multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) are assessed for performing ALARP (‘as low as reasonably possible’) assessments, in particular within the nuclear industry. Four problems stand out in current CBA applications to ALARP, concerning the determination of prices of safety gains or detriments, the valuation of group and individual risk, calculations using ‘disproportionality’, and the use of discounting to trade‐off risks through time. This last point has received less attention in the past but is important because of the growing interest in risk‐informed regulation in which policies extend over several timeframes and distribute the risk unevenly over these, or in policies that lead to a nonuniform risk within a single timeframe (such as maintenance policies). The problems associated with giving quantitative support to such decisions are discussed. It is argued that multiattribute utility methods (MAUT) provide an alternative methodology to CBA which enable the four problems described above to be addressed in a more satisfactory way. Through sensitivity analysis MAUT can address the perceptions of all stakeholder groups, facilitating constructive discussion and elucidating the key points of disagreement. It is also argued that by being explicitly subjective it provides an open, auditable and clear analysis in contrast to the illusory objectivity of CBA. CBA seeks to justify a decision by using a common basis for weights (prices), while MAUT recognizes that different parties may want to give different valuations. It then allows the analyst to explore the ways in which different parties might (or might not) come to the same conclusion even when weighting items differently.