Business and the limited reconstruction of industrial relations in the UK in the 1970s

Industrial relations were reconstructed in the UK in the 1970s, but only in a limited way. This article examines how business preserved ultimate managerial prerogative in the organisation of the firm and the workplace by constraining the process of reconstruction. The analysis contributes to understanding of business in the 1970s and varieties of capitalism literature on comparative political economy by suggesting that changes in industrial relations were accepted by business only where congruent with corporate strategy. Evidence comes from industrial relations surveys and the Bullock Inquiry on board-level worker participation.     

Does Democracy Have a Different Impact on Corruption in Africa?

The author investigates the relationship between corruption and the newer proxies of democracy for African countries. The regression results suggest that countries that are relatively more democratic are also less corrupt. Of the different aspects of democracy examined, the functioning of government and political participation are found to be significantly correlated with corruption. The estimates suggest that countries with functioning and efficient governments and healthy political competition are less corrupt. Unlike the early empirical studies, the evidence of a nonlinear relationship between corruption and the new proxies of democracy is weak, especially after controlling for other factors and correcting for the endogeneity problem. Our results suggest that ethnolinguistic fractionalization and the level of development are also important determinants of the level of corruption in Africa.     

Predictable irrationality in managerial accounting: Does knowledge overcome cognitive biases of undergraduate students?

Managerial accounting teaches students to make rational decisions by evaluating sunk costs, incremental costs, and opportunity costs. The behavioral literature suggests that biases and heuristics overcome rational thinking. The authors explore whether learning cost concepts attenuates behavioral biases. They find a statistically significant proportion of students completing a managerial accounting course exhibit predictable irrationality in personal choices. By matching behavioral choices with final exam answers, the authors also find that learning rationality principles in accounting does not reduce predictably irrational choices in other settings. The study findings are robust across three key rational concepts. Overall, the authors cannot reject the hypothesis that behavioral choices are independent of knowledge of the underlying principle of rationality.     

试谈科技管理创新与科技成果产业化

本文分析了改革开放以来科技管理创新与对科技成果产业化发展的影响和作用 ,进一步阐明科技管理创新改革的必要性 ,提出当前科技管理创新的方向。     

Voting on the environment: Price or ideology? Evidence from Swiss referendums

Studies on preferences for environmental quality usually posit that price and income explain most of the observed choices. Incorporating recent advances in the economics of non-selfish behavior into the traditional public choice approach, we argue that the willingness to contribute to public goods as well as social norms need to be taken into account when analyzing environmental voting outcomes. We study aggregate results of three ballot proposals in Switzerland put to vote in the year 2000 which foresaw different tax schemes on fossil energy. Our main results show that the aggregate level choice pattern is to be explained by income as well as structural attributes that make costs and benefits of the projects vary. More importantly, our results underline the importance of including variables pertaining to the notion of ideology, both in terms of statistical fit and obtaining unbiased estimates for price and income determinants.     

层次分析法在企业员工健康管理中的应用

近些年来,企业员工的健康对企业的影响越来越大,它不仅能改变企业的生存和发展,而且可以改变企业的竞争力。通过建立影响企业员工健康的递阶层次结构和构造成对比较矩阵,用模糊层次分析法定量地给出了各因素对提高企业员工健康的重要性及其先后次序,为企业对员工健康管理提供了相关的理论依据。     

Participation in Green Consumer Policies: Deliberative Democracy under Wrong Conditions?

In policy debates about reducing environmental and social harms, political consumerism is often called for by actors from a broad political spectrum. This paper examines traits of deliberative democracy in cases where instruments of political consumerism (eco-labelling, certificates and standards) are developed. The empirical cases are processes surrounding eco-labelled, standardised forestry, food and electricity in Sweden. In green forestry certification, deliberative processes have taken place close to deliberative democracy ideals. Yet, these processes have been made possible because of equal power levels, although power, according to deliberative theory, should be irrelevant. In organic food labelling, a smothering consensus climate has enabled deliberation, although such a policy condition is at odds with certain deliberative democracy ideals. In electricity labelling, its deliberative processes were embraced by everyone, although the problem scope was narrowly defined, whilst fundamental problems were not addressed. If deliberative democracy researchers become involved in critical frame reflection in consumer-oriented policy making, changes can be made that help reduce environmental harms and strengthen public engagement in political consumerism.     

试论旅游资源所有权与经营权相分离

本文在对旅游资源所有权与经营权“相分离”从理论上作出界定,并指出“不可分离”的理论已磊大落后于改革与发展实践的基础上,对“分离”的必要性、可行性从理论和实践的结合上进行了分析论证,提出了“分离”是保护和开发并重并实现二者良性循环的有机结合点的观点,对实现“分离”必须同时建立起的监管运行机制作了初步探讨。     

论产权制度变迁与基层民主的互动

随着我国产权制度变革,区域的经济与社会结构已悄然发生变迁。要保持区域制度变迁的“比较制度优势”,就必须进一步推进地方政府体制变迁,满足区域民众日益增长的民主需求,建构基层民主秩序。基层民主的制度安排的价值并不在于选举制度本身,而是在于从根本上改变传统制度结构中“精英主导和民众缺位”,逐步实现制度变迁过程中政治精英、经济精英、民众的和谐互动。