产业转型升级阶段的制造业生产效率评价及影响因素——基于2003—2009年江苏省面板数据的分析

本文运用超效率DEA-Tobit模型对江苏省制造业三十个行业2003—2009年间的生产效率及影响因素进行了分析,研究发现：（1）2003—2009年江苏省制造行业整体技术水平偏低,虽然大部分行业处于规模递增的状态,但行业规模仍然偏小。同时,由于纯技术效率和规模效率的普遍不高,导致样本期内江苏省制造业技术效率水平偏低。（2）表象上行业市场结构强、资本劳动力投入要素比例大、外商直接投资额多,会对江苏省制造业行业生产效率的提升起到很大的作用,然而本文的实证结果表明,行业绩效与生产效率之间存在着显著的正相关关系,投入要素比例与生产效率的负相关性也较为显著,而行业结构和FDI与生产效率的显著性不强。     

The effects of exports on facility environmental performance: Evidence from a matching approach

This paper employs matching techniques to investigate the effects of facility export status on environmental performance. Using facility-level criteria air emission data in the US manufacturing industry, we find the industry-specific effects of export status on emission intensity, measured by emissions per value of sale. In some industries, there is consistent and robust evidence supporting the superior environmental performance of exporters relative to non-exporters in terms of emission intensity for all criteria air pollutants tracked. In other industries, we find weak evidence that exporters appear to have a higher emission intensity than non-exporters. This industrial heterogeneity in the effects of exporting on the environment is closely related to industrial characteristics including pollution abatement capital expenditure, trade costs, capital intensity and others.     

黑龙江省装备制造业服务化转型策略研究

伴随市场环境不断变化,装备制造业服务化转型已成为提升其核心竞争力的必然选择,本文基于黑龙江省装备制造业发展现状展开研究,从产业集群低、自主创新能力差、商业模式单一等方面系统分析制约黑龙江省装备制造业服务化转型的主要因素,在此基础上针对性的提出加快黑龙江省装备制造业服务化转型的策略建议。本文的研究成果可为黑龙江省装备制造业的服务化转型及产业发展提供一定的理论指导。     

众包模式在中国家具制造企业的应用探索——基于英国MADE的案例解析

首先,对英国MADE的商业模式进行解析,MADE本质上是一种双重网络众包,MADE扮演了中介机构和发包方的双重角色。其次,将MADE商业模式与中国家具制造企业的运作模式进行对比,MADE的优越性主要体现在精准把握、呈现消费需求,较强的资源整合能力和创新效率,弱化品牌对产品溢价的影响,取消中间环节;局限性体现在目标顾客群体的限制和较长的等待周期。借鉴MADE模式,中国家具制造企业可以尝试有效运用大众智慧来提升企业创新能力,重新定义企业的竞争优势。众包模式在中国有广阔的发展前景,同时给中国的家具制造企业带来严峻的挑战。中国家具制造企业应理性对待众包的出现,可以将改良型的众包作为商业体系的有益补充。中小家具制造企业可以尝试用威客形式提高企业创新能力;大型家具制造企业可以借助网络平台进行初级、中级、高级阶段的改良型众包尝试。     

考虑声誉效应的科技服务业与制造企业合作创新行为策略分析

采用博弈论的方法,考虑声誉效应对博弈双方效用、策略的影响,建立信号博弈模型,并分析精炼贝叶斯均衡,证明声誉水平、对声誉的态度以及技术市场价值的高低是影响建立合作关系的重要因素。探讨双方建立合作关系的行为策略,提出实现合作达成双赢的建议。     

Why has China’s vertical specialization declined?

Vertical specialization (VS) is quantified by the VS share, which measures the average import content per dollar of exports. A characteristic of China’s export trade is its strong dependence on assembly and processing activities. To take proper account of this, China’s VS shares should explicitly distinguish processing export production from other production. We estimate China’s annual VS shares from 2000 to 2012—the latest year for which a special input–output table is available that makes such an explicit distinction. We find that VS shares increased from 2000 to 2004 and subsequently started to decrease. To explore why it has declined, we introduce a new structural decomposition approach. We find that the decrease of the VS share appears to have been driven mainly by the substitution of imported intermediates by domestic products. This occurred in particular in the production of exports, which implies an upgrading of China’s position in global value chains.     

Local poverty reduction in Chile and Mexico: The role of food manufacturing growth

This paper analyzes the relationship between local poverty and food manufacturing growth in Chile and Mexico using propensity score matching, differences in differences and spatial econometrics methods. We focus on food manufacturing as a sector with a number of characteristics that make it potentially pro-poor, and whose incentives for spatial distribution may either strengthen or dampen its poverty reduction potential. The overall results indicate growth in food manufacturing employment contributes to local poverty reduction.     

The rise of IT services clusters in India: A case of growth by replication

The Indian IT services sector has grown from small beginnings at the bottom of value creation to a major player in the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry. It commands a 55% share in the global market for IT services. India's IT sector value proposition in terms of low cost with large supply of high quality talent is compelling. As a result, India has become the premier choice not only for outsourcing IT services by the developed-world's multinational corporations (MNCs) but also for locating their own Global In-house Centers (GICs), which simultaneously compete and partner with local firms. This gave rise to six additional clusters beyond the earliest, largest and robust cluster, Bangalore. The paper provides a review of relevant literature; develops a conceptual framework for evaluation of clusters; and presents data and analysis with respect to relative size, growth, specialization, MNC presence and connectivity to local firms through expatriates and returning Indians, ,innovation; and discusses adequacy of ICT infrastructure for future growth. Although there are clear signs that the Indian IT sector has been moving towards a regime of providing high-end value added services, the sector's value proposition – lower cost combined with a large supply of high quality talent – remains the single most compelling reason for the rise and growth of multiple export clusters. Thus the sector's growth appears to be a case of growth by replication rather than innovation. The paper concludes that the Indian IT sector's value proposition in terms of lower cost combined with large supply of high quality talent remains the single most compelling reason for the rise and growth of multiple IT services export clusters. While the old adage, “people follow jobs” still holds for large part of the labor force, there is little doubt that the sprawling IT services clusters in India - with more to come from Tier II and Tier III cities – indicate, in fact, that “jobs follow talent." Both local firms and the MNCs, through their GICs, are pushing the boundaries of location farther and farther to continue to leverage cost advantage and available pools of talent.     

我国先进装备制造业全要素生产率及影响因素分析——基于产业组织视角

本文基于先进装备制造业上市公司2006～2015年的数据,使用DEA-Malmquist方法计算了我国先进装备制造业的全要素生产率,结果表明,考察期内我国先进装备制造业的全要素生产率在震荡中有所提升,东部地区先进装备制造业的全要素生产率提升幅度大于西部。以此为基础,基于产业组织的角度分析了先进装备制造业全要素生产率的影响因素,研究发现,人力资本水平、R&D经费投入、宏观经济形势、社会固定资产投资情况、对外贸易依存度以及科技劳动力对全要素生产率产生正向显著影响。最后针对本文结论提出相关建议。     

基于制造业技术创新的战略性贸易政策与我国产业结构优化研究

文章采用理论分析、数理建模、实证分析等方法,对战略性贸易政策在制造业技术创新、产业结构升级与优化中的重要作用进行了研究。研究结果表明：（1）LZFTR（政府资金投入）与CJP（初级品）的相关系数r＝-0.964,LZFTR与ZCP（工业制成品）的相关系数r＝0.982（P＜0.01）。表明战略性贸易政策能够有效降低初级品出口比重,增加工业制品的出口比重,从而促进出口贸易结构不断升级与优化;（2） 战略性贸易政策对高技术制造业产品出口贸易固定效应、随机效应模型系数值均为正,战略性贸易政策政府研究发展补贴每增加100%,高技术产业对外贸易结构就会优化0.0042,说明战略性贸易政策对高技术制造业产品的外贸易结构变化有正向促进作用;（3）战略性贸易政策对各高技术制造行业贸易结构的影响不尽相同,其对医药制造业及各小类行业对外贸易出口产业结构优化均有明显的促进作用,其对仪器仪表出口贸易结构优化有着明显的促进作用,但是对医疗设备与器械制造出口贸易结构优化的促进作用并不显著。在此基础上作者提出了推动我国实现产业结构优化的相关战略性贸易政策建议,以期为提高我国制造业的自主创新能力,优化产业结构提供一定的理论参考。