中小企业研发困境的博弈分析

知识经济时代，企业自主研发是增强其竞争力的必经途径。而在国内，众多中小企业对研发投入持消极态度，尽管政府多方鼓励，但收效不大，且企业在自主研发的投入方面与发达国家有着较大的差距。可从严格保护研发成果、协作研发与加大政府的政策优惠力度等方面对中国中小企业的研发投入情况进行改进。     

关于生物的生态幅波动与遗传变异规律的哲学思考

不同生物对一个环境因子有不同的生态幅,同一生物在不同生长期对同一环境因子有不同的生态幅。我们基于相关研究,从哲学的角度提出了生物的生态幅波动和遗传变异规律假说：不同生物或同一种生物在不同生长期对一个环境因子的耐受极限与耐受的时间成反比;不同生物或同一种生物在不同生长期的生态幅不是恒定的,如果不同生物或同一种生物在不同生长期,总是生活在生态幅范围内的某一个适点的小范围内,或者频繁生活在生态幅范围外,它们的生态幅都会发生变化,生物在这一过程中将变异,如果繁衍后代将可能导致遗传变异现象。这一假说既可以比较完满地解释环境因子是如何对生物遗传变异产生作用的,进而说明导致生物多样性和生物种内多样性的根本原因以及它们的变化趋势,同时也为人们制造和控制新品种生物提供了一条新思路新方法。     

电子商务提升中小企业竞争力研究

从电子商务的产生、发展及现状入手,利用经济学原理,对电子商务提升企业竞争力的作用进行理论分析,认为电子商务是能够使企业获取竞争优势并提升竞争力的有效途径,并对中小企业利用电子商务提升竞争力的必要性和可行性进行研究,在理论分析的基础上,提出中小企业利用电子商务提升竞争力的几点措施建议。     

建设鄱阳湖生态经济区的理论思考

文章根据江西省提出的建设＂鄱阳湖生态经济区＂的战略构想,结合鄱阳湖生态经济区的区位、资源、产业等优势,对所依托的可持续理论、系统工程理论、增长极理论、创新理论、产业群理论进行深入分析,以期凸显科学理论的指导作用,为推动鄱阳湖生态经济区的规划、建设提供有力的决策参考。     

香港联系汇率制度的现实启示及未来挑战

本文针对香港联系汇率制度的形成历史以及原因,总结出香港的联系汇率制度形成的偶然性申的必然性,分析香港联系汇率割度的优势和弊端,以及此项制度对于香港金融市场的重大意义。针对日新月异的国际资本市场,香港也面临着挑战,香港也必须与时俱进,加强和人民币之间的联系,进而形成合理的汇率机制。本文最后勾画了香港汇率制度未来的发展前景。     

Giffen goods and market making

Summary. This paper shows that information effects per se are not responsible for the Giffen goods anomaly affecting traders demands in multi asset noisy, rational expectations equilibrium markets. The role that information plays in traders strategies also matters. In a market with risk averse, uninformed traders, informed agents have a dual trading motive: speculation and market making. The former entails using prices to assess the effect of error terms; the latter requires employing them to disentangle noise traders demands within aggregate orders. In a correlated environment this complicates the signal extraction problem and may generate upward sloping demand curves. Assuming (i) that competitive, risk neutral market makers price the assets or that (ii) uninformed traders risk tolerance coefficient grows unboundedly, removes the market making component from informed traders demands rendering them well behaved in prices.Received: 30 April 2002, Revised: 3 December 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: G100, G120, G140.Support from the Barcelona Economics Program of CREA and the Ente per gli Studi Monetari e Finanziari Luigi Einaudi, are gratefully acknowledged. I thank Anat Admati, Jordi Caballé, Giacinta Cestone, and Xavier Vives for useful suggestions. The comments provided by the Associate Editor and an anonymous referee greatly improved the papers exposition.     

Price-raising drug enforcement and property crime: a dynamic model

Price-raising drug enforcement suppresses drug use, but it is expensive and may increase property crime. This has led to contradictory recommendations concerning how drug enforcement should or should not be used. We reconcile these recommendations by incorporating the enforcement's effects on both drug use and on property crime within an optimal-control model that recognizes whether convicted drug-involved property offenders are merely incarcerated or whether they receive some form of drug treatment.     

试论农业科技发展的规律性

本文从逻辑和历史相结合的角度,论述了农业科技发展作为一个过程所具有的三个方面的规律性,即：①生活资料需求、生产资料需求、生态环境需求和社会文化需求等多样化的社会需求是推动农业科技发展的主要动力;②清除或缓解生产要素配置中的“瓶颈”制约,是农业科技发展的突破口;③提高由社会生产力和自然生产力构成的农业生产力的整体水平,是它业科技发展的落脚点。     

小城镇建设与土地利用问题及对策——以南京市为例

小城镇建设是社会各界关注的热点,其中一个核心问题就是土地利用问题。本文分析了小城镇建设对土地集约利用的正负面影响。以南京市为例,提出了小城镇发展过程中的诸多问题,并对兼顾小城镇健康发展和土地合理利用的对策及机制进行了探讨。     

Policy matters. The long run effects of aggregate demand and mark-up shocks on the Italian unemployment rate

This paper estimates a VAR including labor productivity, real wage and unemployment rate, to identify the dynamic effects of technology, demand, and mark-up shocks, respectively, on the Italian labor market. Identification is achieved by imposing recursive restrictions on the matrix of long run multipliers. Our results show that both mark up and aggregate demand shocks permanently reduce the unemployment rate. Finally, technology shocks do not significantly affect the unemployment rate in the long run. These findings convey important policy implications: expansionary aggregate demand and deregulation policies reducing the mark up permanently decrease the Italian unemployment rate.Jel classification: C32, E32, J29This paper has been produced as part of a CEPR Research Network on New Approaches to the Study of Economic Fluctuations. We would like to thank Marcello DAmato, Mario Forni, Marco Lippi and Antonio Ribba for useful comments. We are also grateful to Bernd Sussmuth for pointing out to us several significant improvements to the paper.First version received: November 2001/Final version received: October 2002