返迁人口及其平均滞留时间的估计－基于1987年和1988年两次调查的分析

根据1987年全国1%人口抽样调查和1988年2‰生育节育抽样调查的数据,分析了1987年到1988年之间迁移人口的返迁人口状况,并估计了他们的平均滞留时间长度.     

‘There are Really Two Cities Here’: Fragmented Urban Citizenship In Tel Aviv

The inflow of African migrants into Tel Aviv's southern neighborhoods has aroused much resentment from long‐term residents. Contesting the uneven burden sharing, which exacerbates already poor conditions at the local level, southern residents have aimed their grievances at municipal and national policymakers as well as the city's more affluent northern residents. In analyzing the contestation, this article challenges traditional conceptions of migrants as the binary opposition to residents of the host city, intruders on the shared and socio‐culturally homogenous urban arena. We build on recent theorizations of urban citizenship as an agency‐centered process to think through the ways in which city residents articulate their identities relationally and hierarchically against new and old ‘others’ and argue that international newcomers have destabilized long‐conceived social relations. Using narratives of long‐term southern residents, we illustrate how the uneven geographies of African migrants' settlement in Tel Aviv have (re)set in motion a process of urban citizenship formation by southern residents, thereby adding new layers of contention to what was already a highly stratified realm.     

陕南生态移民土地经营权转让意愿及其影响因素研究——以汉中市为例

文章在对生态移民土地经营权转让意愿及其影响因素进行理论分析的基础上,基于对陕南地区汉中市6个生态移民搬迁安置点258户搬迁农民的实地调研数据,运用Logistic二元回归模型对生态移民转让土地经营权的意愿及其因素进行实证分析。结果表明:陕南地区生态移民转让土地经营权的意愿普遍较低,这对进行生态移民后原居住地的土地整理、实现土地的适度规模经营是十分不利的,而职业非农化程度、家庭非农收入比、安置点经济情况、拥有社保情况和土地经营权转让价金等5个因素是影响生态移民是否转让土地经营权的主要因素。在此基础上,文章从严把移民安置选点关、努力提升安置质量,加强后续产业发展、提高就业容量,建立健全移民社会保障政策、维护移民合法权益,完善土地流转市场、发展多样化的土地转让模式等方面提出促进搬迁农户土地经营权合理流转,提高农地资源配置效率的对策建议。     

乡土依恋、城市融入与乡城移民宅基地退出意愿 ——基于福建厦门的调查

研究目的:揭示乡土依恋、城市融入等心理情感因素在乡城移民宅基地退出决策中的影响机理,为科学设计宅基地退出机制和政策体系提供参考。研究方法:理论分析法,结构方程模型。研究结果:(1)乡城移民宅基地退出决策受到城乡空间依恋的共同影响,乡土依恋越强烈,退出意愿越弱;城市融入程度越高,退出意愿越强。(2)在乡城空间转换中,乡土依恋对宅基地退出意愿的负向影响强于城市融入的正向影响,乡城移民只有真正融入城市后才会乐意退出宅基地。(3)乡城移民对宅基地作为私人财产和居住保障的产权认知对其退出意愿有负向影响,乡土依恋在其中起着显著中介作用。(4)相比老一代乡城移民,相对更高的城市融入和较低的乡土依恋感知使得新生代乡城移民退出意愿相对较高。研究结论:政策设计应重视城镇化过程中心理情感层面人地关系的作用,保持历史耐心,加强城乡联动,从促进进城农民的城市融入、满足过渡阶段多元需求等方面提升乡城移民宅基地退出意愿。     

水库移民及其环境容量分析——水库移民安置的区域抉择依据

水库移民需要遵循适度环境容量原则,即在不损害生态平衡和不耗尽可合理利用的不可更新资源的条件下,区域资源能长期稳定地供养的人口。相关的论断很多,基本的有“资源有限悲观论”和“技术进步乐观论”。我们分别对这两类观点中的一些理论分支加以梳理,并得出有助于中国水库移民的制度基础,以保证自然生态良性循环,顺畅吸纳并且持续供养水库移民。     

Overcoming the ethnocentric firm? – foreign fresh university graduate employment in Japan as a new international human resource development method

Abstract

This article analyses a new and, by international comparison, distinct recruitment trend – the systematic hiring of foreign fresh university graduates (FFGs) into Japanese multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) operations in Japan. Our explorative research, which is based on interviews with HR managers and FFGs, offers three major findings related to international HR development methods. Firstly, the inpatriate literature has identified the roles of foreign (subsidiary) staff as knowledge conduits and boundary-spanners between headquarters and subsidiaries. While such objectives do not drive Japan’s FFG hiring trend, we find similar challenges in terms of the absorptive capacities of headquarters. Secondly, following a Varieties-of-Capitalism perspective, we argue that FFG hiring is an institutional answer to the particularities of Japan’s employment system. Aiming at internationalizing headquarters from within, it contributes to resolving the internationalization conundrum of Japanese MNEs, but rather than overcoming the existing ethnocentric HR model it accommodates this orientation. Thirdly, we advance the general HR literature by proposing a new framework that addresses the viability of international personnel development methods in dependence of the workforce diversity and distinctiveness of employment practices in headquarters. We locate FFG hiring, inpatriation and self-initiated assignments within this framework.     

多旁水库工程农村移民生产安置规划

生产安置规划是水库移民安置规划的重要组成部分,其主要任务是确定生产安置人口、安置标准以及安置方案等。文章介绍了广西德保县多盘水库工程的概况和移民生产安置的特点、内容及经验,为今后的移民规划工作提供借鉴。     

Permanent productivity shocks,migration and the labour wedge: business cycles in South Africa

The findings of this study are as follows. First, permanent productivity shocks play a dominant role in South African business cycles. Second, the migration outflow has a negative effect on permanent productivity shocks. Third, a labour wedge that represents labour market inefficiency is significant in South Africa. Fourth, the labour wedge has a positive effect on the migration outflow. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that labour market inefficiency in South Africa pushes workers out of the country and permanently influences the country’s labour effectiveness, thereby driving South African business cycles.     

商业医疗保险能提高农民工消费吗——基于流动人口动态监测数据的实证分析

本文使用国家卫生计生委2014年流动人口动态监测调查和与其相匹配的城市宏观数据,利用倾向得分匹配法并结合处理效应模型,系统探究了商业医疗保险对农民工消费的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)商业医疗保险对农民工人均家庭消费具有显著的正向影响;(2)其作用机制在于,商业医疗保险减少了农民工医疗方面的支出不确定性,从而降低了预防性储蓄,使得消费增加;(3)分组回归结果显示,商业医疗保险对农民工消费的影响还存在异质性,其中,高收入群体、“70后”、或来自省内的农民工受商业医疗保险的正向影响更大。     

Which Type of Urbanization Better Matches China＇s Factor Endowment： A Comparison of Population-Intensive Old Puxi and Land-Capital-Intensive New Pudong

Based on a comparative study of New-Pudong （East Shanghai） and Old-Puxi （West Shanghai） in their respective ability to absorb rural migrants, the very essence of urbanization, this paper finds that, constrained by the current hukou （household registration） system and land tenure system, although New-Pudong has emerged as one of the most modernized urban areas in the world, it did so under an urbanization model that is government-dominant and characterized by high land-intensity and capital-intensity. This model represents a serious mismatch in terms of China＇s factor endowment that is characterized with a large but relatively poor rural population. In sharp contrast, guided by the market mechanism under private land ownership and free migration, Old-Puxi emerged as an urbanization model that was very adaptable to China＇s factor endowment and stage of development. Therefore, as a model of endogenous urbanization, Old-Puxi is more efficient and inclusive, at the same time more sustainable economically and environmentally, and for this reason more applicable to China at a time when China needs to urbanize most of its rural population urgently to avoid the further worsening of the rural/urban divide and income disparity.