解读“穷人思维”:贫困农户风险态度的影响因素分析——来自广西、贵州贫困山区入户实地实验的证据

采用入户实地实验的方式,从贫困农户风险态度的影响因素入手对"穷人思维"进行解读。在广西、贵州两个少数民族聚居乡（镇）进行的抽样调查和实验发现,贫农普遍厌恶风险,特别在面临可能的损失时风险厌恶程度显著上升,但也有部分风险偏好者,在面临可能的损失时却更为偏好风险;越是厌恶风险者获得的实验收益越低,相反越是偏好风险者获得的实验收益越高;配偶、母亲受教育水平的增加显著降低了贫农的风险厌恶程度;家庭承受的教育负担越重,贫农的风险厌恶程度越高。扶贫政策的开展和实施应考虑贫农的风险态度,完善针对风险偏好者的多样化的金融支持和针对风险厌恶者的低息金融扶持,能覆盖更广泛的贫农群体。长期来看,教育扶贫应当成为一项持续的重点扶贫政策,降低家庭教育负担、提高女性的受教育年限、加强成人继续教育培训都将产生长期、积极的显著影响。     

新凯恩斯框架下最优货币政策规则理论及在我国的实证研究

本文详细介绍了新凯恩斯经济学下IS曲线和Phillips曲线的理论渊源和两种主要货币政策规则的思想,并针对我国的经济数据进行实证检验。研究发现:我国的经济运行符合新凯恩斯经济下的前瞻性IS曲线和Phillips曲线,在此基础上模拟最优利率规则结果较理想。     

电子货币对货币政策效果的挑战

本文介绍国外学者关于电子货币发展影响货币政策效果的观点,指出电子货币将减少公众对央行基础货币的需求,这就势必削弱以货币供给量为基础的货币政策的效果,甚至可能使其失去作用。但实际上,只要央行将调控重点转移到利率上来,货币政策仍可以有很大的用武之地。本文分析和证明我国电子货币的使用,在短期中可以提高货币政策的效果,因为,货币漏损率和超额准备率的下降,可以提高货币乘数,但长期中货币数量调控的效果也会下降,所以我们也应尽早做好向利率调控转轨的准备。     

Planes,trains and wheelchairs in the bush: Attitudes of people with mobility-disabilities to enhanced motorised access in remote natural settings

Managers of remote and wilderness environments have been among the last to accommodate the needs of tourists with mobility-disabilities – partly because of the physical difficulties and expense of doing so, but also due to a wider desire and mandate to preserve the natural and wilderness character of such areas. This research explores the extent to which those with mobility-disabilities desire enhanced access to natural areas. Do they share the same desires and values with respect to wilderness and access as the able-bodied? This paper reports upon a survey of over 400 residents and tourists, some with mobility-disabilities and some able-bodied, and compares their attitudes with respect to the development of various forms of motorised access to wilderness environments. Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of their desire for greater access and also in how they view the impacts of such development. The group with mobility-impairments expressed a stronger desire for enhanced access in such environments. The environmental values of both groups were also examined using the revised New Ecological Paradigm scale, however no significant differences were found between the groups. The implications for tourism providers and wilderness managers are discussed.     

Involvement theory in constructing bloggers' intention to purchase travel products

Blogs recently have demonstrated their enormous marketing potential, and more and more travel advertisements are being posted in blogs. In light of this observation, this study aims to provide insights into the structural relationship among travel bloggers' involvement level, the advertising effect from blog messages, and travel bloggers' intention to purchase travel products. A travel blogger's purchase intention model was constructed and empirically tested. A total of 900 questionnaires were distributed to identified travel bloggers; 398 valid responses were returned. The data were examined with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results demonstrated the positive impact resulting from the ad effect as well as the ad effect on purchase intention, which could be verified in travel blog environments. It also indicated that high-involvement travel bloggers are more likely to form favourable impressions with regard to ads in travel blogs. Travel blogs play a positive role in the processing of ad messages; brand management is essential to business marketers since brand attitude is the most influential factor related to the ad effect on purchase intention. Meanwhile, while ad attitude is not significantly effective concerning purchase intention, it remains essential in forming brand attitudes. Several implications for posting advertisements in travel blogs will be discussed and suggested in this paper.     

Antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing in international tourist hotels

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate factors which influence knowledge sharing, organizational learning and effectiveness. Of self-completed questionnaires collected from international tourist hotels in Taiwan, 615 were usable for data analysis. The structural equation modeling results showed that leaders played the roles of mentor, facilitator and innovator, and nurtured a supportive environment at the levels of workgroup, immediate superior and organization. In addition, employees had a positive attitude towards learning and to sharing. All of these contributions facilitate transformation of collective individual knowledge to organizational knowledge, resulting in the advancement of organizational learning, and thus, greater organizational effectiveness.     

2014年上半年中国货币市场运行报告

2014年上半年,中国人民银行继续执行稳健货币政策,适时主动地进行预调微调,有效稳定市场预期。货币市场平稳运行,成交规模稳步扩大,市场利率震荡下行,波动幅度逐步收窄,各子市场发展速度出现分化。银行业金融机构融出意愿有所增强,非银行市场主体参与度不断提升,货币市场流动性管理功能进一步发挥。     

Endogenous Money,Fiscal Policy,Interest Rates and the Exchange Rate Regime: A Comment on Palley,Tymoigne and Wray

One of the main collective contributions of the various heterodox schools of monetary thought, such as circuit theory, Post Keynesian theory, modern money theory (MMT) and others, has been to stress the importance of the endogeneity of money via bank credit creation. It is necessary to stress the notion of a collective contribution because of the various claims and counter-claims to academic priority made in the literature. The recent exchange between T.I. Palley and E. Tymoigne and L.R. Wray in this journal provides a clear example of this. This response examines the differences between these writers in some detail.     

Sufficiency of an outside bank and a default penalty to support the value of fiat money: Experimental evidence

We present a model in which an outside bank and a default penalty support the value of fiat money, and experimental evidence that the theoretical predictions about the behavior of such economies, based on the Fisher-condition, work reasonably well in a laboratory setting. The import of this finding for the theory of money is to show that the presence of a societal bank and default laws provide sufficient structure to support the use of fiat money and use of the bank rate to influence inflation or deflation, although other institutions could provide alternatives.     

Evolutionary and socio-cultural influences on feelings and attitudes towards nature: a cross-cultural study

Mounting environmental issues have prompted reconsideration of the human–nature relationship. Accordingly, attitudes to nature, as an important dimension of human–nature interactions, have become a research focus. How feelings and attitudes towards nature are influenced by evolutionary and social-cultural constructions, and whether there is variation between different cultural groups, demands more attention. Using a survey of visitors to two very different National Parks, the New Forest National Park, England and Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area, China, this paper shows that of nationality and living environment, differences between the two nationalities were significant in respect of both attitudes and feelings. Specifically, it demonstrates that the biophilia thesis, which purports that people have an innate and a genetically inherited need for affiliation with nature, is influenced by their socio-cultural environment, in particular their national culture, but also by their current living place. The study contributes to our understanding of sustainable tourism in natural areas.