社会医疗保险对家庭金融资产配置的影响机制

党的十九大报告提出,要深化社会医疗保险体制改革,不断拓宽居民财产性收入渠道。而居民家庭金融资产的增长和结构变化受收入水平、教育状况等多种因素影响,其中社会医疗保险是家庭资产配置的重要影响因素。运用理论和实证的方法分析社会医疗保险对家庭金融资产配置的影响,研究结果显示：家庭风险金融资产配置的最优社会医疗保障程度在60%左右,参保家庭持有风险金融资产的概率较未参保家庭显著高了35%,社会医疗保险保障水平的提升对家庭风险金融资产配置概率、规模和比重均有显著的正向影响。社会医疗保险对家庭金融资产配置的主要影响机制是替代效应,即随着社会医疗保险保障水平的提高,家庭将安全资产转移到风险资产,从而提高家庭参与风险金融市场的深度和收益水平。     

设立国家级贫困县能提升当地农民收入水平吗——基于2007~2016年中国296个县面板数据的实证研究

中国自1986年实施贫困县制度以来,国家级贫困县的设立是否能够以及在多大程度上提升了当地农民实际收入水平,需要进行系统科学的实证检验。基于双重差分倾向得分匹配法（PSM-DID）,利用2007~2016年全国6个省份296个县的面板数据进行实证研究发现,国家级贫困县的设立非但没能有效提升当地农民实际收入水平,反而对其有持续的负效应。进一步研究发现,贫困地区第二、三产业的发展能够有效提高当地农民实际收入水平,然而贫困县政策并未促进当地产业结构的优化;政府通过正向干预农产品价格能有效增加农民实际收入。从研究结论的政策含义讲,立足贫困户推进精准扶贫、通过招商引资带动有效投资,以及优化县域产业结构,对于提升贫困县的农民收入具有重要现实意义。     

An integrative model of effort propensity

Over twenty years ago, Mitchell [Mitchell, T.R. (1982) Motivation: New directions for theory, research, and practice. Academy of Management Review, 7:80–88.] called for research which integrates and competitively tests the multitude of motivation theories competitively. Yet, with few exceptions, theories of motivation tend to be narrow in focus. However, many motivation theories incorporate similar predictor variables such as job satisfaction, perceived equity, and organizational commitment, suggesting that theory integration is warranted. In this paper, several literatures are reviewed which deal with employee effort at different levels (e.g., withholding effort, offering extra effort). “Effort propensity” is offered as an appropriate integrating variable, and an integrative model of effort propensity which pulls these various literatures together and stimulates the type of research described by Mitchell [Mitchell, T.R. (1982) Motivation: New directions for theory, research, and practice. Academy of Management Review, 7:80–88.] is proposed.     

Spending propensity and price perceptions

ABSTRACT

This article presents a systematic investigation of how Spending Propensity moderates consumers’ perceptions of prices. Results from three studies are presented. Studies 1 and 2 reveal that, in the absence of any external cues, consumers who are predisposed to spending freely evaluate a posted price more favorably than those who are not. Such consumers also report anticipating less pain associated with spending than those who are not inclined to spend. Additionally, Study 2 informs that simple price communication tactics, without any real reduction in price, may be effective at mitigating the pain felt among those who are less inclined to spend. Furthermore, such tactics are capable of reducing, and even reversing, the gap between those who are not predisposed to spending and those who are. Finally, Study 3 explores how spending propensity moderates consumers’ perceptions of a discount.     

CEO tenure and organizational performance: an intervening model

While CEO job tenure is seen as influencing firm performance, the intervening mechanisms that govern this influence have remained largely unexplored. Given that individuals in the firm most closely influenced by the CEO are members of the top management team (TMT), we focus on the CEO‐TMT interface as one important intervening mechanism. Specifically, our tested model suggests that CEO tenure indirectly influences performance through its direct influences on TMT risk‐taking propensity and the firm's pursuit of entrepreneurial initiatives. Results from structural equation modeling are consistent with this model and support its associated hypotheses. In the discussion, we trace the implications of our study for research and practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lange's 1938 model: dynamics and the “optimum propensity to consume”

Abstract

Oskar Lange's 1938 article “The Rate of Interest and the Optimum Propensity to Consume” is usually associated with the original IS-LM approach of the late 1930s. However, Lange's article was not only an attempt to illuminate Keynes's main innovations but the first part of a wide project that included the development of a theory of economic evolution. This paper aims at showing that Lange's article can help in illuminating critical aspects of this project: in particular, Lange's idea that a synthesis between Kaldor's and Kalecki's theories and that of Schumpeter, might have been possible and that it represented (in intentions) a “modern” and consistent reconstruction of the Marxist theory of the business cycle. Section 2 clarifies Lange's early reflection on dynamics. Section 3 centres on Lange's 1938 static model and indicates the effects of a change of saving on investment. Section 4 suggests a dynamic reconstruction from which are addressed important arguments raised by Lange in a series of papers written between 1934 and 1942.     

The Wealthy Hand-to-Mouth Households in South Korea

This study establishes the stylized facts on household balance sheets in South Korea and empirically investigates their macroeconomic implications based on the concept of ‘wealthy hand-to-mouth (HtM)’ households that hold little liquid wealth with owning large amount of illiquid assets. Using a household-level panel data for the period of 2000–2014, we find that (1) there are neither deleveraging of household debts nor a sharp decline in house price even during the financial crisis, (2) run-up in household debt in 2000s is led by high-income group, (3) regardless of net worth level, wealth is highly concentrated on illiquid assets such as housing and real estate, (4) the share of wealthy HtM households is very high compared to the cases of other advanced countries. We estimate the marginal propensity to consume out of a transitory shock and find that the consumption response of HtM households is larger compared to the non-credit-constrained group, posing a threat to macroeconomic stability. Using discrete choice models with fixed effects, we also find that a household that acquire more real estate assets is more likely to become wealthy HtM when its income is relatively lower or its indebtedness is relatively higher. We discuss the characteristics of HtM households and the role of macroprudential policy.     

加入工会能有效改善职工工作条件吗

工会是劳动力市场的重要调节机制。本文基于中国社会综合调查数据,采用倾向值匹配方法来控制样本选择偏误,并利用自抽样进行统计推断,以克服小样本偏误,试图回答工会组织对职工工作条件的影响。研究结果显示:整体而言,加入工会可以明显地改善职工的工作条件。进一步研究发现,加入工会对体制内部门职工的工作条件有显著的改善作用,而对体制外部门职工工作条件的改善作用并不明显。此外,工会对职工工作条件的改善作用会随着市场化程度的影响而逐渐弱化。上述结果意味着中国工会组织对收入机制具有影响作用,通过夏普利值过程的回归分解发现,工会对职工小时收入差距和年收入差距的贡献率分别为4.53%和9.77%。     

福建省城镇居民消费结构动态变迁分析

本文利用福建城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入和消费结构相关数据,以ELES模型（扩展线性支出系统）为理论基础,对2006年、2009年、2012年三年的居民消费支出结构做出定量分析比较,并从边际消费倾向、边际预算份额、基本需求支出、收入弹性与自价格弹性五个方面对福建省城镇居民消费结构的动态变迁展开分析,最后得出结论并给出相关建议。     

山东省城乡居民边际消费倾向实证分析

文章利用凯恩斯主义消费函数建立一元线性回归模型,估算出山东省城乡居民消费函数的具体形式,分析了城乡居民边际消费倾向显著差异的存在性,对山东省促进居民消费增长提供了若干政策建议和对策。