Determinants of reverse marketing knowledge transfer potential from emerging market subsidiaries to multinational enterprises’ headquarters

Emerging markets (EM) are becoming increasingly important for multinational enterprises because of their high growth potential and future prospects. The unique circumstances in EM lead to increased pressure to offer creative marketing solutions that can be leveraged across the multinational network. Setting up subsidiaries to tap into these markets offers companies the opportunity to integrate in the local community and access its knowledge-base for local and global innovations. Literature, however, reveals that EM subsidiaries have been largely ignored concerning their potential for reverse knowledge transfer (RKT), and marketing initiatives are expected to be developed in mature, developed markets. Our paper fills this gap in research and contributes to extant literature by identifying factors at unit, relationship and knowledge levels influencing RKT potential specific to marketing knowledge from EM subsidiaries. The conceptual discussion leads to study propositions and conceptual framework.     

跨国公司与东道国企业技术创新的三维互动举证

供应链关系中,作为制造商的跨国公司与作为供应商的东道国本土企业之间存在技术创新互动关系,这种互动关系的本质与微观基础就是双方的知识转移互动。互动模式有单向传递、双向输出和联合创新三种,而知识传授方特性、知识接收方特性、知识特性和关系特性都会影响互动效果。     

强化跨国公司在华社会责任及对我国企业的启示

文章从提出企业社会责任的概念出发,分析了跨国公司在华社会责任弱化的趋向表现,探讨了其存在问题的原因;在此基础上,又从理念训导与法律强制并重、应发挥工会保障劳动者权益的作用、构建社会责任指标体系和评价体系、树立正确的政绩观、取消外企的“超国民待遇”等方面对我国政府应如何强化跨国公司在华承担社会责任提出了政策建议;并结合我国的实际国情,对我国企业提升社会责任意识和承担社会责任提出了相应的对策。     

The Foundations of International Business: Cross‐Border Investment Activity and the Balance between Market‐Power and Efficiency Effects

The foundational international business (IB) scholarship grappled with whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) are largely efficiency‐enhancing or market‐power inducing institutions. Contemporary scholarship, however, often associates foreign direct investment (FDI) with efficiency‐enhancing properties and thus neglects the market‐power interpretation of the MNE. Such an imbalance is problematic given that the theoretical and empirical justifications behind the field's embrace of the efficiency interpretation are not fully evident. Instead, both efficiency and market‐power effects are seemingly present in cross‐border investment activity. Based on a comprehensive sample of up to 4,361 cross‐border investments materializing between 1986 and 2010, we present theoretically‐grounded hypotheses with regard to when market‐power effects will tend to dominate efficiency effects. We find that cross‐border investments undertaken by emerging‐market MNEs in both developed and emerging markets tend to involve substantial efficiency effects and minimal market‐power effects when compared with the cross‐border investments undertaken by developed‐country MNEs in both developed and emerging markets.     

Are multinational teams more successful?

Teams have become increasingly multinational in many sectors. The impact of national diversity on team performance is, however, controversial. On the one hand, multinational teams may have access to a greater variety of task-relevant expertise, which should increase the team performance. On the other hand, national diversity may complicate team collaboration and increase team conflict. Applying panel econometrics to 4284 team observations in a globalized sector, we find evidence that multinational teams perform worse than teams with less national diversity.     

浅谈集团公司如何加强对子公司的管理

企业集团管理子公司最直接和最终的目标就是使企业价值最大化。然而,由于集团管理水平的参差不齐和认识上的差异,使一些集团公司在对子公司的管理上存在着诸多问题,只有解决好这些问题,使母子公司都能遵循一致的目标,对集权和分权程度达成共识和默契,才能切实提高集团公司对子公司的管理水平。     

Decision Factors Considered Important by MNCs in Their Reevaluation and/or Modification of Foreign Entry Modes During the Argentine Financial Crisis

ABSTRACT

Eighty-two multinational companies (MNCs) were surveyed during the recent (2001–2002) Argentine financial crisis to identify decision factors they considered important in reevaluating and/or altering their foreign entry modes during the crisis. The firms rated size of local demand, changes in trade barriers, changes in trade and tax policies, potential industrial growth, and customer attitudes as the most important issues to consider in their entry mode reevaluations. The least important factors were interactions between the host government and the IMF/WTO, physical infrastructure, neighboring economies, trading bloc associations, and availability of bargain assets. Differences were also found in factor importance ratings as to MNCs' willingness to reevaluate their foreign entry modes, their current modes of operations, and their willingness to change their foreign entry modes during the Argentine crisis. The research, managerial, and policy-making implications of the findings are discussed.

RESUMEN. Durante la reciente crisis financiera argentina (2001–2002), se examinaron ochenta y dos compañías multinacionales para identificar los factores inherentes a la toma de decisión, considerados importantes para reevaluar y/o alterar la modalidad de entrada de capital extranjero durante este período. Se tomaron en consideración los siguientes elementos, considerados importantes para realizar dicha reevaluación: tamaño de la demanda local de las empresas, cambio ocurrido en las barreras comerciales, cambios en el comercio, políticas impositivas, crecimiento industrial en potencia y reacción de los consumidores. Los factores menos importantes fueron las interacciones entre el gobierno anfitrión y el FMI/OMC, la infraestructura física, las economías vecinas, las asociaciones de bloques comerciales, y la disponibilidad de activos de negociación. También se encontraron discrepancias en la clasificación asignada a la buena voluntad que las CNM demostraban en reevaluar sus modalidades de entrada extranjera, así como sus modalidades corrientes de operación y su buena voluntad para cambiarlas durante la crisis argentina. Se discutieron además los resultados obtenidos cuanto a las implicancias investigatorias, gerenciales, y las relativas a la elaboración de políticas.

RESUMO. Analisaram-se 82 empresas multinacionais durante a recente crise financeira argentina (2001–2002), a fim de identificar os fatores decisórios considerados importantes para a reavaliação e/ou modificação do modo de entrada no mercado estrangeiro durante a crise. As empresas classificaram o tamanho da demanda local, as mudanças nas barreiras comerciais, mudanças nas políticas comerciais e fiscais, crescimento potencial do setor e atitudes dos clientes como os fatores mais importantes a serem considerados em sua reavaliação do modo de entrada. Os fatores menos importantes foram as interaç[otilde]es entre o governo local e o FMI/OIT, infra-estrutura física, economias vizinhas, associaç[otilde]es de comércio e disponibilidade de ativos para acordos comerciais. Foram encontradas também diferenças nas classificaç[otilde]es da importância de fatores como a disposição das multinacionais em reavaliar os modos de entrada no mercado estrangeiro, seus atuais modos de operação e sua disposição de alterar o modo de entrada no mercado estrangeiro durante a crise Argentina. O estudo discute também as implicaç[otilde]es dos achados para a gerência, as pesquisas e a elaboração de políticas.     

论跨国破产的财产清偿问题

跨国公司在快速兴起的同时也面临着跨国破产问题.作为跨国破产问题的一部分,破产财产的清偿问题已成为业界关注的热点问题.本文首先阐述了跨国破产的定义、破产财产的范围及相关原则,随后以雷曼兄弟的破产案件为例,对跨国破产财产清偿原则作了进一步说明.     

An Overview of Russia's Largest Corporations Abroad

SUMMARY

Russian outward foreign direct investments have grown rapidly during the past few years. The natural-resource based companies have been the main drivers of the international growth of the Russian economy. Whereas the leading companies in oil, gas, and metal industries already rank among the top global players, the manufacturing and telecommunication industries are increasingly catching up and seeking for growth outside the Russian borders. The current article seeks to provide an overview of the international activities of the leading Russian companies in several industrial sectors with additional policy conclusions regarding the internationalisation patterns of Russian enterprises.