休闲活动与主观幸福感

为了探讨休闲活动与主观幸福感之间的关系。文章采用休闲问卷、正性负性情绪量表和生活满意度量表对460名员工进行了调查。结果表明：（1）性别、是否有孩子等人口学变量影响休闲活动;（2）休闲活动对主观幸福感中的正性情绪和生活满意度有显著的正向预测作用,对负性情绪没有预测作用。     

基于非线性效应的第三方支付平台兼容性研究

本文在设定网络外部性效用为符合梅特卡夫法则的非线性函数条件下,构建双寡头支付平台兼容和不兼容两种情况下的优化模型,探讨双寡头支付平台的兼容性策略选择问题。研究发现,规模对称的双寡头支付平台兼容之后,两家支付平台的利润、消费者效用及社会福利均会增加;银联成立后中国工商银行的银行卡业务利润得以提升也验证了模型结果。建议政府借鉴银联的成功经验,使银联在线成为各支付平台的聚合型平台,提高第三方支付清算系统的效率。     

Accounting for Negative,Zero and Positive Willingness to Pay for Landscape Change in a National Park

In contingent valuation, despite the fact that many externalities manifest themselves as costs to some and benefits to others, most studies restrict willingness to pay to being non‐negative. In this paper, we investigate the impact of allowing for negative, zero and positive preferences for prospective changes in woodland cover in two UK national parks, the Lake District and the Trossachs. An extended spike model is used to accomplish this. The policy implications of not allowing for negative values in terms of aggregate benefits are also investigated, by comparing the extended spike model with a simple spike making use of only zero and positive bids, and a model which considers positive bids only. We find that ignoring negative values over‐states the aggregate benefits of a woodland planting project by up to 44%.     

Ecosystem impacts of pesticide reductions through Bt cotton adoption

This article examines the ecosystem impacts of transgenic Bt cotton technology resulting from reduced chemical pesticide use. Employing unique panel data from smallholder farmers in India, negative environmental and health effects of pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), with and without Bt technology. An environmentally sensitive dynamic production function is estimated, treating the environmental risk of pesticide toxicity as an undesirable output in the production process. Negative externalities are significantly lower in Bt than in conventional cotton. The reduction in EIQ through Bt technology adoption has increased from 39 per cent during 2002–2004 to 68 per cent during 2006–2008. Bt adoption has also contributed to higher environmental efficiency. Environmental efficiency is influenced by the quality of Bt technology: high‐quality Bt seeds are associated with higher environmental efficiency than lower‐quality seeds.     

浅谈“入世”对我国外贸发展的消极影响

目前论述“入世”对我国外贸发展的积极作用的文章很多 ,而论述其消极影响的很少。本文主要从“入世”对我国的出口市场结构、出口商品结构、外贸发展方式、外贸发展的地区差异等方面论述其消极影响 ,使人们对“入世”影响的了解更全面。     

考虑次固结的吹填土单桩负摩阻力计算研究

本研究主要目的在于提供一种考虑场地吹填土次固结时变效应的吹填土单桩桩侧桩侧负摩阻力计算方法,该方法通过对场地吹填土进行一维场地吹填土次固结试验,获得孔隙比-时间对数(e-lgt)曲线,利用曲线拟合获得场地吹填土次固结系数及相应计算参数,计算任意时刻的场地吹填土次固结时变沉降量,获得桩侧桩侧负摩阻力中性点位置,并进一步计算得到总的桩侧桩侧负摩阻力。该研究成果可为快速成陆的吹填场地基桩工程设计和施工提供参考。     

珠三角区域跨界环境问题的经济分析

由于忽视了环境外部性的存在,目前珠江三角洲地区的跨界污染问题很严重;通过空间计量经济模型实证,发现某地区的污染排放量不止和本地区的经济增长有关系,也受邻近城市经济发展水平的影响,珠三角的环境质量与经济增长在空间上表现出相互作用;最后给出了解决跨界环境问题的对策建议。     

网络外部性与网上银行的定价策略

文章首先介绍了网络外部性的理论渊源,然后探讨了网络外部性的内涵和分类,其次阐述了网上银行的定价策略,再次从直接和间接网络外部性的角度,提出了两个模型,解释网上银行定价策略的原因,最后给出了结论。     

Negative affectivity and workplace deviance: the moderating role of ethical climate

This study investigates (1) the relationship between employees’ trait of negative affectivity (NA) and workplace deviance and (2) the moderating role of ethical climate in the above relationship. Data was collected from 310 employees in 40 Taiwanese companies, and hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Results show that NA was positively related to workplace deviance. In addition, the rules climate weakened the relationship between NA and workplace deviance, and both the instrumental climate and the caring climate strengthened the relationship between NA and workplace deviance. Managerial implications and future research directions are also discussed.     

Spatial externalities and agglomeration in a competitive industry

We introduce spatial spillovers as an externality in the production function of competitive firms operating within a finite spatial domain under adjustment costs. Spillovers may attenuate with distance and the overall externality could contain positive and negative components with the overall effect being positive. We show that when the spatial externality is not internalized by firms, spatial agglomerations may emerge endogenously in a competitive equilibrium. The result does not require increasing returns at the private or the social level, increasing marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, or location advantages. In fact agglomerations may emerge with decreasing returns to scale, declining marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, and no location advantage. The result depends on the interactions between the structures of production technology and spatial effects as shown in the paper. No agglomerations emerge at the social optimum when spillovers are internalized and diminishing returns both from the private and the social point of view prevail. Numerical experiments with Cobb–Douglas and CES technologies and an isoelastic demand confirm our theoretical predictions.