新世纪初中国生态旅游面临的挑战

作为一种产生于上世纪末的新的旅游形式，生态旅游不仅是一种新的旅游产品和旅游形式，它更是一种旅游业可持续发展模式和指导旅游经济健康发展的理念。本文根据我国的具体国情，分析了我国在新世纪初发展生态旅游将要面临的一些挑战。     

论21世纪初的徐连经济带建设

改革开放以来,徐连经济带建设取得了较大成就,但仍受到诸多因素的制约,而且出现了一系列新问题,能否有效地解决这些问题,事关该经济带能否实现从低谷中崛起而成为发达的“东桥头堡地区”的远景目标,为此,21世纪初经济带建设必须坚持的指导思想是：继续贯彻实施科兴省,经济国际化,区域共同发展和可持续发展战略,以经济建设为中心,进一步深化改革,扩大开放,紧紧抓住新亚欧大陆桥经济带建设和西部大开发的机遇,充分发挥连云港东桥头堡和徐州交通枢纽的优势,积极建设东陇海重工业带,大力发展陆桥经济,努力增强本带为我国陆桥中西部地区大开发和大开放的服务功能,使其成为具有龙头作用的“东桥头堡地区”,以此为指导,文中还就该经济带发展的基本原则,战略重点及其对策等进行了讨论。     

Moral philosophy and economics: the formation of François Huet's doctrine of property rights

François Huet (1814–1869), Professor of Philosophy at the University of Ghent, is known for his attempt to reconcile Christianity with socialism in Le Règne Social du Christianisme (1853). The book clearly belongs to a distinctively Belgian tradition of ‘liberal socialism’. Drawing upon archival material, we try to clarify the origins of Huet's theory of property rights. We focus on two intimately related questions: (1) Have the core ideas formulated by Huet in Le Règne been expressed and discussed before the publication of the book? (2) In what sense have reflections upon the science of economics contributed to Huet's views?     

Den egna vägen: Sverige och den europeiska integrationen 1961–1971

Abstract

The use of armaments, diplomacy and economic pressure to intervene in the functioning of an enemy economy has been one of the most disputed concepts of warfare in the twentieth century. In the war against Germany after 1939 so called ‘economic warfare’ proved on the whole a poor investment of Allied resources with the notable exception of the bombing raids on synthetic oil factories. By contrast it was eminently successful in the campaigns against Japan. One obvious reason for the difference is that Japan was an island power against which the traditional techniques of naval blockade were effective whereas Germany by her territorial conquests on the continent was able greatly to extend her control over economic resources despite the blockade. But there were other reasons for the relative failure of ‘economic warfare’ against Germany and these, like the results of conquest, are central to these two works. One was that the complexity of the German economy in its international setting, combined with the difficulty of obtaining accurate economic information about an enemy economy during a war, meant that there was in reality no method of selecting with an accuracy sufficient to justify the deployment of large resources a link in the chain of production so weak that it could be destroyed. Secondly, a lurking suspicion that this might be so caused rapid changes in strategy, so that when weak links were identified the targets were seldom attacked for long enough for the strategy to succeed. Thirdly, the weapons and techniques of intervention in an enemy economy were seldom perfect enough to achieve their ambitious purpose. And finally German foreign trade even in strategic commodities survived because it was also in the interests of neutrals, and even in those of the Allies where their own economic relationship with the neutrals was concerned, that it should.     

21世纪中国武侠文学研究述评

21世纪最初10年中国武侠文学研究,可以分为断代武侠文学与武侠活动研究、跨文化跨学科的武侠心态与观念研究、进一步的武侠小说历史与发展研究、愈加深化的武侠小说艺术与审美接受研究、拓展的武侠与现当代文学及中外比较研究等。这些研究有明显的时代特征,更加关注古今不同时代武侠文化精神及其文学表现的贯通性、连续性和阶段性,近代、现当代文学中的武侠文化意蕴得到进一步发掘,大陆新武侠创作得到了及时分析总结。对武侠文学与其他相关文化分支的关系,中外文学影响研究与平行研究等方面,也得到了一些重要的突破。     

Social and Environmental Filters to Market Incentives: The Persistence of Common Land in Nineteenth‐Century Spain

The regional diversity of communal persistence in nineteenth‐century Spain has been well documented by historiographers. Although the explanation of this divergence has been attributed to the social and environmental context, together with the prevailing market incentives, that characterized the different rural societies of this period, there has been no clear assessment of the role played by each of these factors. Through a comparative study of the historical data at the provincial level, this paper analyses the relative contribution of these elements to that divergence. The results diminish the significance of market signals and show how the social and environmental conditions interacted to limit, or promote, the dismantling of the common lands. Apart from the greater need to resort to the commons when it was necessary to increase agricultural production in dry regions, this paper highlights the role of unequal levels of access to land in promoting enclosure. The Spanish case illustrates the limitations of the theories that predict the inevitable drift towards individual property rights.     

Management control systems,trust and risk in inter-organisational relationships: The case of Francisco González de la Sierra and its partner Rivas y Cantallops (1847–1864)

This article is intended: (1) to provide evidence about the practices in the nineteenth century of inter-organisational relationships when parties accepted sharing performance risks; and (2) to contribute to reducing the gap about the trust–control system dynamic interaction and its effect on risk through empirically analysing a non-contemporary setting. Our study analyses the ongoing relationship of a small commercial company with its main partner during the period 1847–1864, and examines the formal systems used by the company to monitor and coordinate its partner's activity and the evolution of inter-firm trust throughout the whole life cycle of this relationship.     

十六、十七世纪江南的生态农业(下)

在十六、十七世纪的江南农业中，出现了一种新经营方式。这种经营方式体现了今日我们所说的生态农业的主要特点，通过改造资源，进行多样化的生产，同时利用食物链原理，对废物进行循环利用，从而降低了投入而增加的产出，达到了较高的生产率。这种生态农业最早出现在明代中期常熟的大经营中，明清之际时在嘉湖一带已相当普遍，并为小经营所采纳。这种生态农业在江南平原逐渐普及，为江南农业的发展起到了积极的作用。     

也论中国旅游学研究的起源

中国旅游学研究起源于何时 ?针对王德刚先生提出的中国旅游学的研究始于 2 0世纪 3 0年代 ,以江绍原著《中国古代旅行之研究》为标志的观点 ,认为中国旅游学研究是随着中国近代旅游业的产生而出现的 ,始于 2 0世纪 2 0年代 ,以 1 92 7年《旅行杂志》的创办为标志较为适宜。     

论新世纪中国大学的十大新形象

新世纪中国大学应当树立十大新形象:知识殿堂的形象、没有围墙的大学形象、科技中心的形象、精神文明建设基地的形象、环境整洁的形象、科学的形象、新人本的形象、多样化的形象、现代化的形象、国际化的形象。