社会断裂与社会支持:失独老人社会关系的重建

社会政策、传统文化、经济等因素使得失独老人面临着社会保障、经济困顿、养老、医疗、社会心理恢复等问题,表现为与他人、社区之间社会关系的"断裂"现象。对安徽省合肥市失独老人生活现状及社会支持网络作了实证研究。失独老人对现状不满意,社会关系"家庭化",存在社会支持方面的缺失。影响失独老人社会关系重建的主要因素为性别、教育程度、收入、失去独生子女的时间和社会政策。从多元的视角,提出建立失独老人社会支持体系,重建失独老人社会关系、融入社区的操作性对策。     

个人主体性的释放:农村独子家庭分家实践研究——以江西省冈村为例

由于计划生育政策的推行,当今我国农村的主体家庭类型是独子家庭和纯女儿户家庭,以往分家研究中讨论的多子家庭的分家现象已经失去了普遍意义。以江西省冈村为例,主要从分家原因、分家实践特征这两方面考察了独子家庭的分家实践,讨论了独子家庭与多子家庭分家实践的差异。独子家庭的分家实践反映了家庭代际关系的变迁,实现了父子两代人均要追求独立自由的意愿。     

不同管理理论假设对组织管理方式的影响

每一种特定的管理理论,都是在特定时代的背景下和组织经营管理实践经验的总结中不断形成的。每一个时代的管理理论都有着各自不同的特点。在古典管理理论阶段,其主要代表人物包括泰勒、法约尔、韦伯等人,都把人只看成是"经济人"。现代管理理论阶段,其代表梅奥、马斯洛、赫茨伯格、麦格雷戈等人则提出了新的观点,即人是"社会人"而不是"经济人"。在同一时期,美国心理学家马斯洛又提出了"自我实现人"的假设。时至今日,无论是"经济人"、"社会人"还是"自我实现人"这三种理论假设,作为主流的管理理论假设被沿用至今,三种管理理论或多或少地影响着组织及其管理者的价值观,以致于进一步影响组织的管理。     

“双独”可生二孩政策影响下的生育率变化趋势研究——以陕西为例

本研究在测定陕西省独生子女规模与结构的基础上,结合生育模式、生育观念转变和育龄人口规模变动等情况,预测陕西省生育率变动趋势。研究发现:陕西省第一批独生子女已进入婚育高峰期;在"双独"可生二孩政策的作用下陕西省总和生育率将持续缓慢增长;"双独"二孩政策和育龄人口波动的合力形成了第四次出生人口高峰,因此人口计生将迎来新的挑战。     

就业难背景下高职学生职业生涯规划探析

当前,就业形势非常严峻,高职学生想要在就业竞争中脱颖而出,就必须认真规划自己的职业生涯。高职学生要明白职业生涯规划的目的及意义;清楚职业生涯规划的内容及原则;明确职业生涯规划的策略与方法。     

双重效应原则及其评析

双重效应原则是判断具有双重结果的行为是否具有道德合理性的准则。该原则既关注行为意图,又关注行为后果,将意图和后果纳入同一准则中,克服了义务论和后果论在评价行为方面的局限性,对解决义务论和后果论所遇到的道德困境具有重要意义。然而,双重效应原则因自身的局限性以及应用中面临的实际困难而遭受诸多批判。本文试图结合具体案例对双重效应原则进行分析。     

Decarbonisation and wholesale electricity market design

In recent decades, many power systems have introduced electricity generator competition. Market designs have varied with some countries adopting ‘energy‐only’ markets and others utilising capacity remuneration mechanisms. With increasing deployment of cost competitive renewable energy and the introduction of policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, concerns are emerging about the sustainability of these market designs. In Australia, wholesale electricity prices have increased markedly – the result of a ‘disorderly’ transition away from coal to new renewable energy. This paper critically examines the ‘energy‐only’ market in a high‐penetration renewables system, with a particular focus on the vertically and horizontally restructured National Electricity Market (NEM). We propose that the ‘energy‐only’ market can indeed work within a decarbonised energy system. But as renewables increasingly replace coal‐fired power stations, ‘unintended consequences’ will need to be addressed to facilitate an ‘orderly’ transition. It will be important that policy ensures appropriate new investment in firm capacity is forthcoming; and pricing outcomes are acceptable given political economy constraints.     

Mobile-only consumers arise from heterogeneous valuation of fixed services

Mobile-only users are usually perceived as a consequence of fixed-mobile substitution. This study uses a unique dataset based on a survey in France, combined with interviewee's telecommunications billing data, to reveal heterogeneous consumer preferences for fixed services. With the same mixed logit model we estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for fixed communications services and fixed-mobile relationship. Results show a very large heterogeneity of WTP for fixed services among consumers. In addition, we show that fixed and mobile data are complement for all consumers. Mobile-only consumers have a much lower but non-zero WTP, and higher price sensitivity compared to fixed-mobile consumers. Consequently, an increase in the fixed offer price would reduce the demand for fixed service. Heterogeneous preferences for fixed services constitute an alternative explanation for the existence of mobile-only users, despite the complementary nature of fixed and mobile broadband. Counter-factual simulations show that the share of mobile-only could also be driven by the way to subsidize mobile handset. For instance, making the handset subsidy only available to fixed-mobile quadruple play subscribers could reduce the share of mobile-only by half.     

The Trade-Off between Quantity and Quality in Family Fertility Decision: Evidence from China's Family Planning Policy

Based on the Chinese General Social Survey 2006 and 2008 data, this paper assesses the influence of the family planning policy on the qualitative development of children using education attainment and individual income of only children versus children with siblings as parameters. Our results show the following: (1) only children are better-educated than their counterparts with siblings; (2) only children earn higher income in comparison to their counterparts with siblings; (3) the income and education gaps between girls with and without siblings are greater than those between boys; (4) the education gaps between only children and children with siblings are greater for those born in the 1970s, but the income difference between only children and children with siblings is only significant for those born in the 1980s; and (5) the income and education gaps between only children and children with siblings are higher in urban regions. Results indicate that families with only one child invest more resources in children’s quality under the family planning policy, which is consistent with the “quantity–quality trade-off” theory proposed by Gary Becker.     

对“崩溃边缘论”“大锅饭论”“凭票供应论”的历史与辩证唯物主义再认识——三评“国有企业效率效益必然低下”

"崩溃边缘论""大锅饭论"和"凭票供应论"是支撑"国有企业效率效益低下论"的"三驾马车"。它们对中国历史和事实进行扭曲性、推断性、延伸性的唯心主义处理,再用封闭主义、双重标准在社会主义公有制、国有企业与效率效益低下之间建立起具有伪经济学性质的因果关系,不仅否定1949—1980年几亿人、几代人、几十年为新中国经济所做的艰苦卓绝的创业性、建设性和积累性发展贡献,而且从根本上否定社会主义公有制、国有企业的制度合理性。唯物主义、整体主义的分析表明,"崩溃边缘"是对事实的扭曲,而"大锅饭"和"凭票供应"则是中国特殊条件、特殊时期产生的特殊经济现象,而非社会主义公有制、国有企业的一般性经济规律(如凭票供应在西方也出现过)。而对这些特殊性的辩证唯物主义和交叉科学分析反过来恰恰证实中国社会主义公有制、国有企业不仅高效率高效益地发展了中国经济,而且成为中国经济改革不可或缺的基础。