论我国水果罐头出口现状、机遇及挑战

近年来,我国水果罐头产品出口增长趋势较好,出口总量和出口总额都有所提升,丰富的产品也扩展了其他国外市场.我国水果罐头业在拥有世界需求趋旺、政府出台出口退税政策等良好机遇的同时.也面临着供求不一致、发展方式粗放和国外保护主义盛行等严峻挑战.     

小费的性质与合约安排

本文运用新制度经济学以及微观经济学理论，结合实际观察所得，对旅游业中的小费制度进行了经济学解释。基本结论是，小费是企业对难以完全清晰界定或降低而留在公共领域里的产权(先占权利)的一种间接定价，目的在于降低企业因交易而面临的机会成本，其多样化的合约安排则是交易费用约束下企业降低交易费用努力的理性选择。相应的政策建议是，作为一项过渡性制度安排，我国旅游业中的导游应实行强迫性小费制度。     

中国成立上海自贸区的SWOT分析

中国(上海)自由贸易实验区的建立成为推动中国经济改革的重要路径,如何把握自贸区在中国经济结构调整过程中的地位,打造中国经济"升级版",基于中国的视角,采用定性分析和实证分析的方法,用美国旧金山大学的管理学教授韦里克提出的SWOT模型对成立自贸区的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁进行研究。     

试析毛泽东机遇思想的中国话语

机遇思想广泛见诸于毛泽东的革命和建设理论之中,其不仅和马克思的机遇观念有着逻辑上的一致性与内容上的连贯性,同时也是在中国语境中对于矛盾特殊性的考察与实践范式。认真研究和科学把握毛泽东机遇思想的中国话语,不仅有助于对马克思主义机遇理论的丰富和发展,同时对进一步完善中国特色社会主义理论体系,加快推进改革开放和现代化事业也有着重要的参考价值。     

On the relation between the market-to-book ratio, growth opportunity, and leverage ratio

The negative relation between the market-to-book ratio and leverage ratio is one of the most widely documented empirical regularities in the capital structure literature. Most related studies take this negative relation as given and debate about its economic interpretation. We show that firms with higher market-to-book ratios face lower debt financing costs and borrow more. The relation between the market-to-book ratio and leverage ratio is not monotonic and is positive for most firms (more than 88% of COMPUSTAT firms and more than 95% of total market capitalization). The previously documented negative relation is driven by a subset of firms with high market-to-book ratios.     

Inequalities of opportunity in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo

The liberalization of the telecommunications sector in Togo aimed at ensuring access to a better quality of telecommunication services at affordable prices to everyone. While the liberalization policy has increased competition in the sector and reduced significantly telecommunication services prices charged to costumers, statistics on the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo reveal disparities with respect to individuals' socio-economic characteristics which could be an indication of the existence of inequalities of opportunities in the access and use of these services.This paper investigates the inequalities of opportunity in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo using a parametric approach. The results of estimations indicate that, inequalities of opportunities are larger for men and the elderly than respectively women and youths and are more pronounced in urban areas and regions such as the Plateaux and Savanna regions. Moreover, the circumstance variables such as the ‘place of residence’ and the ‘region’ are the key variables in explaining the inequalities of opportunities in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo. So, policies toward reducing inequalities of opportunity in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo should be designed with regards to men, the elderly, and people living in urban areas and regions such as the Plateaux and Savanna regions.     

Do hotel REIT companies face investment constraints? A comparison with C-corporation hotel companies

This study investigates whether corporate investment by REIT hotel companies (hotel REITs hereafter) is more constrained than investment by C-corporation hotel companies (hotel C-corps hereafter). The investments of hotel REITs and hotel C-corps are examined by comparing the sensitivities of investment to cash flow and investment opportunities between the two groups. Results show that the sensitivity of investment to cash flow is positive and significantly higher for hotel REITs than for hotel C-corps, suggesting that hotel REITs are likely to experience more constraints on their corporate investment. This finding suggests that hotel firms and owners should be more cautious about electing to be a REIT if they are planning large investments in the future. In addition, this finding has policy implications; even a small reduction in the rate of mandatory dividend payouts could significantly increase hotel REITs’ corporate investments.     

Outdoor recreation expenditures and the effects of spatial structure

Abstract

Visitor expenditure models have been the focus of substantial attention in outdoor recreation research because of their significance in estimating local economic impacts. At the disaggregate level models have usually included simple measures of distance decay and variables representing the attributes of households and supply features. Scholars have ignored the differential effects that the spatial structure of opportunities might have upon expenditures. This paper presents an analysis of the effects of spatial structure upon visitor expenditures for outdoor recreation in Oklahoma. Analyses are presented which identify and differentiate the relative effects of spatial structure upon visitor expenditures and the alternative forms of spatial diversification behavior consistent with such expenditure patterns.     

The Knowledge Café–A Knowledge Management System and Its Application to Hospitality and Tourism

SUMMARY

Knowledge management is identified as a key success factor in most industries today. While data or information can be stored independently from people, knowledge is bound to people who use it for their interactions. The main goal of knowledge management is to improve the usage of knowledge in the enterprise. Knowledge management systems are not only organizational memory information systems. They also contain organizational standard procedures and a certain cultural attitude. A reference framework gives implementation hints mainly influenced by technical possibilities. The knowledge management system reference architecture contains layers of sources, repositories, taxonomy, services, applications and user interfaces. A software tool that largely corresponds to this reference framework is the Knowledge Café. Possible applications of this tool to the area of hospitality and tourism are described in this paper.     

科技信息机构发展中的问题及对策

从目前科技信息机构现状出发,阐述科技信息机构发展中出现的问题、机遇及对策。