内地西藏初中班汉语口语交际能力培养的改进策略

内地西藏初中班学生在汉语口语交际能力上比较薄弱,针对这样的现状,提出了一些改进策略。     

浅谈“本土化留学”与交际法在外语素质教育中的应用

自上个世纪80年代中期我国便开始对外语教学进行调整和改革，这种改革一直都在进行。无论是哪种教学方法，都有自己的优点和弊端，传统的教学方法教育的学生也有可以流利的操作英语口语的人，而在外国全口语环境下，对书面知识掌握牢固的也大有人在。所以，外语素质教育和教育的方法尤为重要。     

虚拟现实在机械设计制造中的作用

重点介绍虚拟现实技术的内涵，虚拟技术在机械设计中的作用，及虚拟现实技术在中国应优先使用的领域。     

Medication adherence and discontinuation of long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Aims: To examine medication adherence and discontinuation in two separate groups of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD), who began receiving a long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) versus those who changed to a different oral antipsychotic monotherapy.

Materials and methods: The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid claims database was used to identify patients with schizophrenia; Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial and Medicaid claims databases were used to identify patients with BD. The analyses included adult patients (≥18 years) who either began receiving an LAI (no prior LAI therapy) or changed to a different oral antipsychotic (monotherapy). The first day of initiating an LAI or changing to a new oral antipsychotic was the index date. Linear and Cox regression models were conducted to estimate medication adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]) and time to medication discontinuation (continuous medication gap ≥60 days), respectively. Models adjusted for patient demographic and clinical characteristics, baseline medication use, and baseline ED or hospitalizations.

Results: Patients with schizophrenia (N?=?5638) who began receiving LAIs had better medication adherence (5% higher adjusted mean adherence) during the 1 year post-index period and were 20% less likely to discontinue their medication during the entire follow-up period than patients who changed to a different oral antipsychotic monotherapy, adjusting for differences between LAI users and oral users. Similarly, patients with BD (N?=?11,344) who began receiving LAIs also had 5% better medication adherence and were 19% less likely to discontinue their medication than those using oral antipsychotics.

Limitations: Clinical differences unmeasurable in this database may have been responsible for the choice of LAI versus oral antipsychotics, and these differences may be responsible for some of the adherence advantages observed.

Conclusions: This real-world study suggests that patients with schizophrenia or BD who began receiving LAIs had better medication adherence and lower discontinuation risk than those who changed to a different oral antipsychotic monotherapy.     

CALL与大学英语口语教学整合探讨——基于任务教学法理论

本文从任务型教学法理论出发,在我国当前大学英语教学改革的大环境下,结合英语教学的新趋势--计算机辅助教学,对我国大学英语口语教学进行分析研究,有机地系统地对两者加以结合,从而探讨出一条更加有利于学生学口语和教师教口语的新途径.     

认知语用学之关联理论在商务英语口语教学中的应用

根据商务英语的自身特点,本文从教师的教学手段和实践出发,旨在通过认知语用学的关联理论对商务英语口语教学进行探讨,分析其存在的问题,找到解决的方法。     

一种新型3-PRP并联机器人的运动学分析与仿真

针对传统三自由度并联机器人结构分析困难的问题,通过对传统并联机器人结构与性能的分析,提出一种新型3-PRP并联机器人。为有效地降低机器人结构分析的难度,采用直线模组构成2个对称移动副,配合1个转动副,代替传统三自由度并联机器人的3个转动副,并根据该新型机器人的结构特点,建立了运动学模型;应用空间解析几何和向量代数法,推导出机器人的运动学正解与逆解方程;应用MATLAB仿真软件编程验证运动学正解与逆解的正确性,确立机器人的工作空间。仿真结果表明,该机器人具有工作空间大、运动学模型精度高、制造成本低等特点,具有广泛的工业应用前景。     

New perspectives on the contribution of sanitary investments to mortality decline in English cities, 1845–1909

Health improved in English cities in the last third of the nineteenth century, in tandem with substantial increases in public spending on water supplies and sanitation. However, previous efforts to measure the contribution of public expenditures to mortality improvements have been hampered by difficulties in quantifying public health investments and the lack of mortality data for specifically urban populations. We improve upon the existing evidence base by (1) creating measures of the stock of urban district sanitary capital, by type, on the basis of capital expenditure flows, rather than loan stocks; (2) using mortality and capital stock data that relate to the same administrative units (urban districts), and (3) studying the period 1880–1909 as well as the earlier period from 1845. The stock of sewerage capital was robustly related to improvements in all-cause mortality after 1880. The size of this effect varied with the extent of public investment in water supplies, suggesting complementarity between the two assets. For the period 1845–84, investments in water were associated with declines in infant and child mortality but the effect was much smaller and less precisely estimated in later decades. Our results suggest that improvements in water and sewerage targeted different transmission pathways for faecal–oral diseases.     

Public support for economic transition

This paper focuses on the Czech economic transition and aims to identify the determinants of unusually high and long-lasting public support for market reforms. The study is based on a unique combination of statistical analysis of survey data and oral history (interviews with reformers, managers etc.), which has enabled us to depict the views of the general public as well as of many people involved in decision-making processes on both macro and micro levels. These findings allow us to propose recommendations on how to gain and maintain public support for economic reforms. Above all, reformers must utilize the period of euphoria and communicate the individual steps of reform with the public.