重视大学英语口语教学

培养大学生口语交际能力、提高他们运用英语的能力已是摆在广大教师面前迫在眉睫的任务 ,本文就营造英语语境以及在听力课和精读课融入口语教学进行了论述     

浅析如何提高学生的口语水平

英语口语的重要性越来越得到认可,英语口语表达能力的培养也越来越受到重视。提高英语口语教学水平一方面要从学生学习角度、教师教学角度对英语口语教学进行研究,同时也有必要对教师如何提高自己的素质进行探讨。     

口语测试理论的发展与应用

口语测试理论的发展既有理论基础,又有社会实践基础.它的发展经历了三代不同的测试体系,即科学前测试体系、结构主义测试体系和交际测试体系.直接型口试、间接型口试、半直接型口式是口语测试理论的具体应用.     

国内外男子铁饼运动员的运动学比较分析

本文是对国外期刊《Biomechanical Analysis of the men's discus throw in the Athens 2006 IAAF world cup in the athletics》翻译,参考了部分有价值的数据,搜集了国内当前优秀男子铁饼运动李少杰的一些运动学参数,通过对比分析,找出我国目前优秀男子铁饼运动员同世界优秀运动员的技术差异,为指导今后的训练和教学实践提供有关数据和科学依据。     

TEP口语测试的特点及反拨作用研究

TEP口语测试是为应对目前大学英语面临的困境做出全新视角的尝试与努力、并为了有助于提升学生英语实际应用能力的教学机制及考试体系。在此口语测试系统校本测试实施的过程中,发现了学生普遍存在的一些问题。本文主要探讨TEP口语测试的特点及其反拨作用。     

英语口语教学的认知心理空间探析

大学英语教学改革对大学英语口语教学提出新的、更高的要求。目前大学英语教学理念中存在"重输出、轻输入"的误区。认知语言学认为,口语交际是一种认知体验活动,本文拟对认知心理空间在大学英语口语教学中作用之认知理据进行探讨。     

A comparison of treatment patterns,healthcare resource utilization,and costs among young adult Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia treated with paliperidone palmitate or oral atypical antipsychotics in the US

Abstract

Background: Much of the burden associated with schizophrenia is attributed to its early onset and chronic nature. Treatment with once monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M) is associated with lower healthcare utilization and better adherence as compared to oral atypical antipsychotics (OAAs). This study aimed to evaluate real-world effectiveness of PP1M and OAA therapies among US-based adult Medicaid patients with schizophrenia, overall and among young adults aged 18–35 years.

Methods: Adult patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and at least two claims for PP1M or OAA between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014 were selected from the IBM Watson Health MarketScan Medicaid Database. Treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization and costs were compared between PP1M and OAA treatment groups following inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weighting to adjust for potential differences. Utilization and cost outcomes were estimated using OLS and weighted Poisson regression models.

Results: After IPT weighting, the young adult PP1M and OAA cohorts were comprised of 3,095 and 3,155 patients, respectively. PP1M patients had a higher duration of continuous treatment exposure (168.2 vs 132.5 days, p?=?.004) and better adherence on the index medication (proportion of days covered ≥80%: 19.0% vs 17.1%, p?<?.049). Young adults treated with PP1M were 37% less likely to have an all-cause inpatient admission (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?0.53–0.74) and 33% less likely to have an ER visit (OR?=?0.67, 95% CI?=?0.55–0.81) compared to OAA young adult patients, but 27% more likely to have an all-cause outpatient office visit (OR?=?1.27, 95% CI?=?1.02–1.56). PP1M patients incurred significantly lower medical costs as compared to OAA patients.

Conclusions: Medicaid patients with schizophrenia treated with PP1M have higher medication adherence and have fewer hospitalizations as compared to patients treated with OAAs. PP1M may lead to reduced healthcare utilization and improved clinical outcomes.     

One-year follow-up healthcare costs of patients hospitalized for transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke and discharged with aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole or clopidogrel

Abstract

Objective:

To examine healthcare costs among patients hospitalized for transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke (TIA/stroke) and prescribed aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole (ASA-ERDP) or clopidogrel (CLOPID) within 30 days post-discharge using a retrospective claims database from a large US managed care organization.

Methods:

Adult patients with ≥1 hospitalizations for TIA/stroke between January 2007–July 2009 and ≥1 claims for an oral anti-platelet (OAP) were observed for 1 year before and after the first TIA/stroke hospitalization or until death, whichever came first. Cohorts were defined by the first claim for ASA-ERDP or CLOPID within 30 days post-discharge. A generalized linear model, adjusting for demographics, baseline comorbidities and costs, compared total follow-up costs (medical?+?pharmacy) between ASA-ERDP and CLOPID patients.

Results:

Of 6377 patients (2085 ASA-ERDP; 4292 CLOPID) who met the selection criteria, mean (SD) age was 69 (13) years and 50% were male. Unadjusted mean total follow-up costs were lower for ASA-ERDP than CLOPID ($26,201 vs $30,349; p?=?0.002), of which average unadjusted medical and pharmacy costs were $22,094 vs $26,062 (p?=?0.003) and $4107 vs $4288 (p?=?0.119), respectively. Multivariate modeling indicated that the following were associated with higher total costs (all p?<?0.05): higher baseline Quan-Charlson comorbidity score, history of atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction, index stroke hospitalization, death post-discharge, and index CLOPID use. Adjusted mean total follow-up costs for CLOPID were 9% higher than ASA-ERDP (cost ratio: 1.09; p?=?0.038).

Conclusion:

In this study, compared to CLOPID patients, ASA-ERDP patients were observed to have lower total costs 1 year post-discharge TIA/stroke hospitalization, driven primarily by lower medical costs. Further research into the real-world impact of OAP therapies on clinical and economic outcomes of patients with stroke/TIA is warranted. The findings of this study should be considered within the limitations of an administrative claims analysis, as claims data are collected for the purpose of payment.     

口腔综合治疗台仪器的使用技术分析

本文以上海齿科医器厂生产的CS600型综合治疗台和芬兰与上海医疗器械厂合资生产的菲曼特F1型综合治疗台为典型,详细介绍了综合治疗台常见故障的维修方法。     

英语口语学习的困难

英语口语是许多中国学生英语学习过程中的一个瓶颈,其主要原因有以下七个方面：担心出错、丢面子;缺乏学习动力和兴趣;缺乏适合的社会语言环境;自身语言学习能力的限制;个性因素的影响;母语（汉语）的影响以及以教师为主、学生为辅的课堂师生关系。通过对这些原因进行分析,旨在让老师和学生充分认识到这个问题,从而为解决这一问题提供前提。