一种多径电力线信道下的主路径定时同步算法

分析了多径电力线信道特性,针对电力线通信信道中第一主路径非能量最强路径的定时同步问题,通过仿真分析信噪比与门限选择的关系,拟合了最优的第一主路径门限曲线,并提出了一种在多径电力线信道下寻找第一主路径的自适应定时同步门限选择方法,利用接发端前导信号互相关判决函数的峰均比关系自适应选择门限,用于解决电力线恶劣的信道环境下第一主路径非能量最强路径的情况下寻找第一主路径的问题。仿真表明,该方法同步性能明显优于固定阈值且接近于最优阈值的判决方法,相比固定门限有1 dB的提升。     

Relationship commitment and value creation in sponsorship relationships

Purpose: The sponsorship industry has evolved considerably in recent years due to the strategic business opportunities that it provides. Despite increased interest in sponsorship, analysis of the relationship between relationship commitment and value creation and of relationship commitment as comprising multiple types or components in the context of sponsorship relationships is lacking. To address these gaps, this paper analyzes relationship commitment (in terms of affective commitment and value-based commitment) as a significant mediating variable, and value creation in the context of sponsorship relationships.

Methodology/approach: A questionnaire was sent to Swedish Hockey League sponsors to collect data and to verify the study’s conceptual model and relationships. The response rate for the survey was 19.8%, that is, 122 completed questionnaires out of 616 sent. The respondents represented the most common industries in Sweden, but most of them belonged to the construction, repair, and electronics industries (18.0%), manufacturing and production industry (13.1%), and commerce industry (11.5%). Most sponsoring companies (30.3%) were categorized as medium-sized (50–249 employees). Most respondents (38.5%) had invested EUR 4300–15,000, whereas 11.5% had invested less than EUR 4300. Moreover, we found that most sponsors had been in their sponsorship relationships for more than 10 years (32.8%). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for the data analysis.

Findings: This study demonstrates that relationship commitment is an important driver of value creation in sponsorship relationships. Furthermore, the various forms of affective commitment and value-based commitment should not be considered merely components or forms but distinct types. Certainly, there is interaction between the two types, but sequentially in such a way that affective commitment is a prerequisite for value-based commitment. This means that a sponsor must have an emotional relationship with the sponsee in order to understand, perceive, and calculate the sponsorship relationship’s future business value in terms of profits and other benefits. This study also finds that value-based commitment is the most significant type of commitment in sponsorship relationships.

Research implications: The study demonstrates that shared values, trust, and affective commitment are fundamental conditions for value-based commitment. If the parties agree on how they should behave in the relationship, the rules and objectives that apply lead to the emergence of mutual trust, which in turn makes the parties want to continue the relationship for emotional reasons. But this is not enough for value creation; they must also see that there are future business benefits from the relationship. Therefore, the parties more or less explicitly make calculations. If the calculations indicate that the long-term benefits of the relationship outweigh the short-term sacrifices, they are prepared to invest in the relationship, and this may lead to value creation. In other words, there is both interplay and tension between shared values, trust, and affective commitment, on one hand, and value-based commitment, on the other. Another theoretical contribution is that previous research has considered the links between relationship commitment and value but has ignored the different types of commitment that play key roles in the value-creation process; this study has addressed that oversight. The study demonstrates that affective commitment and value-based commitment have different roles and meanings. Affective commitment indirectly affects value creation, while value-based commitment directly affects value creation. Affective commitment has the role of partial mediator, while value-based commitment has the role of full mediator. Furthermore, they differ in their basic characteristics: affective commitment is an emotional aspect, while value-based commitment is a calculative aspect.

Originality/value/contribution: Previous studies have not analyzed the relationship between relationship commitment and value creation. However, this study demonstrates that relationship commitment is an important driver of value creation in sponsorship relationships. Furthermore, most previous research argues that relationship commitment consists of various components or forms that interact in parallel with each other. However, this study demonstrates that the various forms of affective commitment and value-based commitment should not be considered merely components or forms but distinct types. Certainly, there is interaction between the two types, but sequentially in such a way that affective commitment is a prerequisite for value-based commitment. Furthermore, previous studies have consistently noted that affective commitment is the most important component, form, or type of relationship commitment. However, this study finds that value-based commitment is the most significant type of commitment in sponsorship relationships.     

Commodity currencies and commodity prices: modelling static and time-varying dependence

This article employs the copula approach to study the relationship between exchange rates and commodity prices for large commodity exporters. Using data for the nominal exchange rates of four commodity currencies (Australian, Canadian and New Zealand dollars, and Norwegian krone) against the US dollar and the relevant country-specific commodity price indices, constructed on a daily basis, we find (1) a positive dependence between the values of commodity currencies and commodity indices, i.e. a commodity index increases when a respective currency appreciates and provides several explanations for this finding; (2) no major asymmetries in the tail dependence for most pairs of exchange rates and commodity indices and (3) a pronounced increase in the time-varying tail dependence following the global financial crisis.     

浅谈生活中的路径依赖

路径依赖是经济学中有关生产技术、制度设计的一个名词,通过分析职业选择、消费、投资、企业经营模式中的＂路径依赖＂现象,指出路径依赖的根源是脱离成本高、历史事件锁定和人的惯性思维造成的,提出要突破路径依赖应采取慎重选择,解放思想,大胆创新等手段。     

我国流通产业成长路径研究

改革开放以来,我国流通产业得到显著成长,但通过产业成长机制分析发现我国流通产业产值是在规制缓和引发资本推动的成长机制中增长起来的,而增长效率分析则表明我国流通产业尽管产值得到突飞猛进,但期间持续性的国际间与产业间相对效率低下状态,凸显出流通产业成长的自身能动力不足。可以认为我国流通产业实际上遵循的是被动成长路径,即作为先导产业的流通产业实际上是被引导而成长起来的。     

现阶段我国农户经营行为特征及其选择

处于转型加速期的我国农户,在政府"以工促农,以城带乡"、"多予、少取、放活"政策引导和支持下,正在朝着市场化、专业化、社会化、适度规模化方向发展,组织化已成为农户经营行为的必然选择。通过对农业产业化经营组织和农民专业合作经济组织进行整合,构建促进农户经营组织化发展的动态成长模式,建立农民增收的长效机制,促进农民增收目标的实现。     

中国省际就业格局时空演变研究——基于动态空间杜宾面板模型的实证

基于1993~2017年中国31个省域面板数据,综合运用矩统计法、探索性空间数据法和动态空间杜宾面板模型,研究中国省际就业格局的时空演变。结果表明：省际就业格局演进具有两极化、空间依赖和空间分层特征,无论短期还是长期,占主导地位的驱动因素都是工业偏离、人户偏离和经济差距,工业、农业、出口和城镇化等虽说会影响格局,但不会导致失衡。为实现省际经济充分平衡发展,关键要实施户籍匹配工业布局、加快户籍制度改革、完善社会保障体系、稳步推进产业区位梯度转移与承接、促进区域就业格局协调演进。     

A new test for analysing hysteresis in European unemployment

This article proposes a new unit root test to analyse unemployment hysteresis. The test is able to incorporate cross-sectional dependence, unattended nonlinearity and unknown structural breaks in the time-series data. This study used data on unemployment in five European countries. The findings indicated that conventional unit root tests failed to reject the null hypothesis of hysteresis for all countries. However, the newly proposed unit root test was able to reject the null hypothesis for the Spanish unemployment rate.     

知识产权服务业集聚发展模式与提升路径研究

为扎实推进创新驱动战略,使知识产权服务业更加适应区域发展的需求,培育知识产权服务业新业态从而补齐知识产权服务业短板,借鉴发达国家知识产权服务业发展的经验,指出我国知识产权服务业发展中存在的问题,提出知识产权服务业集聚发展的四种模式,为充分发挥知识产权服务业集聚区带动作用,分析了集聚发展的实施路径和对策建议,为打造知识产权服务业与产业转型升级协同发展的创新生态体系提供有益的决策参考。     

区域发展视野下的企业技术创新——山西技术创新体系建设研究

随着区域经济的不断发展和竞争的日益加剧,区域创新能力已成为地区经济获取竞争优势的决定因素,不断增强区域创新能力,从根本上提高其经济竞争力,已成为促进区域发展的关键。作为资源开发导向型经济,加强区域技术创新体系建设对于提高山西区域创新能力,调整经济结构,加快经济发展方式转变,实现转型发展尤为重要。本文在分析我省经济社会发展对于技术创新体系迫切需求的基础上,详细阐述了技术创新体系建设的推进路径及战略重点,并针对加快山西技术创新体系建设提出了对策建议。