基于纳税遵从理论的纳税遵从影响因素分析

提高纳税遵从度是稳定国家税收的重要保障,分析影响纳税遵从的因素,有助于提高纳税遵从度。本文从国内外研究纳税遵从的理论入手,从预期理论、前景理论、公共物品理论、公平理论、信息经济学、新公共管理主义、新制度经济学几个方面,找出影响纳税遵从的各项因素。     

基于演化博弈理论的税收遵从策略研究

研究税收遵从,最大限度鼓励纳税人诚信纳税关系到我国和谐社会的构建.本文应用演化博弈工具来分析税收征纳中这种政府和纳税人之间复杂的关系,试图揭示征税人和纳税人之间既合作又对抗的演化路径.研究表明:保证一定的监管效率是构建和谐税收征纳关系的前提;高税率和高惩罚率一样都不利于和谐征纳关系的形成;征税人与纳税人之间的博弈是一个相互作用的、重复的、动态变化的过程,在这一博弈关系中,大部分纳税人出于对纳税义务的认识或对逃税后果的考虑,一般会倾向于诚信纳税.此时,维持纳税人诚信纳税的倾向并把它转化为现实成为征税人的最佳选择.     

Farmers’ Preferences for New Environmental Policy Instruments: Determining the Acceptability of Cross Compliance for Biodiversity Benefits

This paper addresses the issue of farmers’ views concerning the perceived legitimacy of environmental cross compliance as a governance mechanism. Recent work on the theory of regulation emphasises the importance of the legitimacy ascribed to a regulation in determining the effectiveness with which it can be implemented. The current study outlines a rationale for why this motivational question should receive attention in economic studies of policy design and reports the results of a survey of 102 arable farmers in East Anglia, UK, which investigated the level of support for the principle of cross compliance for biodiversity objectives. It was found that two attitudinal factors, referred to as ‘Stewardship Orientation’ and ‘Technological Beliefs’, were by far the most significant in determining the acceptability of cross compliance in the sample, and that structural and socio‐demographic factors were considerably less important. The study also identified clusters of farmers according to their overall attitudinal orientation. Of the five groups thus categorised, four appeared on average likely to reject cross compliance as a general principle, leaving only the most ‘Environmental’ cluster in support. The policy implications are discussed and some conclusions drawn.     

Firms’ Compliance to Environmental Regulation: Is There Really a Paradox?

It has often been claimed that firms’ compliance to environmental regulations is higher than predicted by standard theory, a result labeled the “Harrington paradox” in the literature. Enforcement data from Norway presented here appears, at first glance, to confirm this “stylized fact”: firms are inspected less than once a year, detected violators are seldom fined, but still, serious violations seem relatively rare. However, at a closer look, the pattern seems less paradoxical: enforcement of minor violations is lax, but such violations do flourish; serious violations, on the other hand, are subject to credible threats of harsh punishment, and such violations are more uncommon. This seems quite consistent with predictions from standard theory. We argue that the empirical existence of the Harrington paradox is not well documented in the international literature. The claim that firms’ compliance with environmental regulations is generally higher than predicted by standard theory should thus be regarded as a hypothesis rather than an established fact.     

医患纠纷法律适用探析

近年来,对医患纠纷的法律适用问题,理论及司法实践中均存在争议,这既不利于化解日益尖锐的医患矛盾,也有碍于对医患双方利益的维护。在明确医患纠纷法律适用的前提条件、理论基础及关键的基础上,提出医患纠纷应适用《民法通则》《合同法》等民事法律规范调整;医患纠纷原则上应属于《消法》调整,但由于医疗服务的高风险性的特征,应予以区别对待。     

运用Logistic回归模型加强高收入者纳税遵从的实证研究

加强高收入者的个人所得税征管、促进纳税遵从一直是税务部门的重要工作之一。利用多元有序因变量Logistic回归模型,以江苏某市2010年度年所得12万元以上个人所得税纳税申报的数据为样本,以＂应补税额＂等级的五分类有序变量为因变量,以纳税申报表中纳税人的年龄、应纳税所得额、应纳税额、性别、职业大类、行业大类6个影响因素为自变量,进行多元有序因变量的Logistic回归分析,研究结果可为税务系统加强年所得12万元以上高收入者个人所得税的申报与征管、促进纳税遵从提供新的思路。     

WTO规则在中国法院间接适用理论与司法实践评析

WTO规则的特殊性决定了其不宜在国内法院直接适用,间接适用才是符合WTO宗旨和目标的恰当方式。"解释一致"是实践中常用的间接适用方法。我国司法机关适用WTO规则的实践情况并不容乐观:首先是缺失司法审查制度的实践,另外实践中关于WTO规则适用方式并不一致。因此,我们有必要采取措施确保司法实务部门统一正确地间接适用WTO规则,这对我国恰当履行WTO义务、保障国际贸易更快更好发展具有重要价值。     

农村合作金融机构合规风险管理探究

面对金融机构违法违规事件频发的紧迫形势,合规风险管理日益受到高度重视,但对于农村合作金融机构来说合规还是一个新的理念,合规风险管理还是农村金融机构进行有效风险管理面临的新课题。文章在对合规风险管理的内涵进行界定的基础上,分析了合规风险管理对农村合作金融机构的作用,并对农村合作金融机构合规风险管理的组织架构和制度建设进行了系统论述。