农业统一税与农村税费改革

土地革命时期和抗日战争时期，中华苏维埃政府和抗日边区政府根据当时的农业情况和实际，为了增加财政收入，先后建立和完善了农业统一税，取得了良好的效果，积累了丰富的经验，对于我国正在进行的农村税费改革有极其重要的借鉴意义。由于此次改革的根本目的是要减轻农民负担，可以借鉴先前改革经验，进一步深化农村税费改革。     

The determinants of peasants' family income in China's west underdeveloped area: effects of working away from home village

There are more than one hundred million peasants working in non-agricultural industries away from their home villages in China. Using survey data of 2004 from Chongqing, the authors intend to research on the poverty of China's west economically backward area through investigating the peasants' family income and the out-of-rural workers' income, and have found out that working away from home village is the main source of peasants' income growth in China's economically backward area. Working away from home village gives peasants a chance to get directly engaged in the process of industrialization and urbanization, reducing the east–west inequality and rural–urban income disparity.     

“土地换保障”征地模式下失地农民社会支持的现状及思考——以嘉兴市为个案

作为一个新生的弱势群体，社会支持对失地农民的生存和发展有着重要的意义。文章以浙江省嘉兴市为个案，考察了“土地换保障”征地模式下失地农民社会支持的现状及存在的问题，并以此为基础，提出要通过构建制度性社会保障体系，发展非制度性的社会支持网络，增强失地农民抵御日常生活风险的能力。     

构建贫困农户增收长效机制的对策思考

贫困农户增收历来就是扶贫开发的难点，构建贫困农户增收的长效机制，需要在深刻总结扶贫开发经验的基础上，积极探索扶贫开发新思路。构建贫困农户增收长效机制，可以通过“传”、“帮”、“带”等途径来实现：加强村级党组织建设，充分发挥其在脱贫攻坚中的积极引导作用；对贫困户在政策上给予更多的帮挟，增强其自我发展能力；通过扶贫方式的创新，在产业化发展上带动贫困户增收。     

Peasants,bandits, and state intervention: The consolidation of authority in the Ottoman Balkans and Southern Italy

This paper explores the role of bandits and state intervention in the Ottoman Balkans and Southern Italy in the 19th century by using archival documents. I argue that the states may react similarly and radically when their authority is challenged in the periphery. The Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy developed the same forms of state intervention to fight against the bandits, even though these two states had fundamentally different political, cultural, and socio‐legal structures. I present three different forms of state intervention: (i) victim‐centred state intervention; (ii) security‐centred state intervention; and (iii) authority‐centred state intervention. These three forms consolidated the state's authority while making the two states both fragile and dependent on other social agencies in the long term. I further claim that consolidation of the state's authority manifests the paradox of state intervention and creates more vulnerabilities in traumatic geographies.     

天津城市化进程中失地农民收入问题探讨

城市化的快速推进使大量农村集体土地转为城市国有土地,相应带来农民收入来源和收入方式的 重大变化。该文在对天津周边区县城市化进程中失地农民收入状况实地调研基础上,运用系统综合分析法 分别从收入来源、收入额和支出结构、支出额对农民失地前后总体收支变化情况进行了深入分析。结果表 明:过去几年,天津周边区县城市化进程中失地农民年收入额确有提升,但远低于其支出额增长幅度,且 收入增长具有暂时性和低端性特征。进一步分析发现:征地制度不合理、社会保障水平偏低、知识技能缺 陷和不完善的就业服务政策,导致城市化进程中失地农民收入增长缓慢且难以持续。故未来政府应通过制 度调整优化努力增加征地补偿性收入、提高社会保障性收入、提升就业工资性收入、拓展多样化财产性收 入等措施促进城市化进程中失地农民收入更快增长,保障他们生活可持续。     

‘One Stone Is Enough to Drive Away a Hundred Birds’: Peasants,Land and Resistance in Contemporary Afghanistan

Five books on the war in Afghanistan and contemporary Pakhtun life are reviewed from the perspective of the insights they provide into peasant resistance to the Afghan government and the United States. It is argued that while these books are important in improving our understanding of peasant resistance to the US‐led invasion of Afghanistan, with the exception of the monograph by Ahmed they offer only a partial account of the dynamics of resistance, because they fail to adequately integrate the ontology of the Pakhtun into their accounts, and the material foundations of that ontology. The result is that important elements of peasant resistance in Afghanistan are obscured.     

浅析农民消费结构变化

改革开放以来,随着农民收入的不断增长和消费水平不断提高,农民消费结构逐步优化,但是从根本上来说我国农民消费仍处于以生存型消费为主的低水平阶段,总体消费质量仍然不高。农民消费直接制约着农村市场的发展,从而关联着整个国民经济的有效需求水平。农民消费水平与结构升级,是我国实现全面小康的关键因素。     

建立市场调节征地补偿标准的构想

改革开放以来,中国工业化、城市化进程不断加快,农村集体土地大量被征用,土地被征用后,大量的失地农民生活艰难,缺乏基本的最低生活保障,失地农民问题已经成为我国社会发展中极为严重的社会问题之一.从征地补偿的历史沿革及其特点出发,并对征地补偿的现状及弊端进行分析,在此基础上提出了建立市场调节征地补偿标准的必要性、合理性及设计思路,为土地征用制度改革提供参考.     

Chile's Neoliberal Agrarian Transformation and the Peasantry

In the mid–1970s, following the early shift to neoliberalism, the Chilean rural sector was restructured dramatically, becoming one of the most successful cases of non–traditional agricultural export (NTAE) growth. However, many analysts fail to discuss the problematic nature of Chile’s integration into the global market. Underpinning this rapid growth of NTAEs is the exploitation of cheap peasant labour, especially seasonal female wage workers. This article examines the elements of continuity and change in agrarian policy since the transition to democracy in 1990. In particular, it presents the policy debate on the future of the peasantry: capitalization or proletarianization? The dilemma that policy makers face over maintaining high rates of NTAE growth while at the same time attempting to reduce poverty and income inequalities are also highlighted. The Chilean case can be considered as paradigmatic insofar as it exhibits key characteristics of the classical capitalist transformation of agriculture: the emergence of a new class of dynamic agricultural entrepreneurs, renewed proletarianization and land concentration, and intensification of social differentiation.