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Demand projections for civil aviation have forecast increases in operations in future decades. Increases in demand are beneficial to the growth and advancement of the aviation industry, but also come with the threat of significant increase in environmental impacts. In response, the industry is focusing on programs to develop technologies for reductions in fuel burn, NOx emissions, and noise. While aircraft-level impacts are an obvious metric of success, it is difficult to make informed robust technology investment decisions with respect to noise without understanding the fleet-level impacts. Fleet-level predictions of noise for technology explorations are especially complicated because it is computationally expensive, highly combinatorial, and airport-specific. Recently, rapid automated airport noise models have been developed, which can be simulated using Design of Experiments (DOE). The results of these simulations are used to generate surrogate models for airport noise contour area, which can be summed to yield a fleet-level impact. These models make use of simplifying assumptions to provide estimates of airport-level noise that are substantially cheaper to compute. They can be used to perform parametric trade-off analyses in conjunction with the equivalency assumption. Equivalency asserts that environmental impacts of a technology infused aircraft can be represented by scaled operations of the baseline aircraft in the same class. This simple assumption allows for the modeling of technology and market penetration factors under the same units: operations. This research uses surrogate models in conjunction with the equivalency assumption to examine two potential technology scenarios in a target forecast year, simulating technology and market performance factors to identify vehicle classes that could have the greatest impact in reducing contour area. Results show that technology and market performance of future notional Small Single Aisle and Large Single Aisle vehicle aircraft have the highest positive correlations with potential reductions in contour area. 相似文献
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This study aimed to investigate land use planning around airports, by employing Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in conjunction with an optimization algorithm using an Integrated Noise Model (INM) software, to establish the potential effects of aircraft noise at Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKIA) in Tehran. We also checked for land use compatibility with the noise levels around IKIA and the residents' reaction to the noise. The research was carried out in three stages: a) the establishment of Strategic Noise Map (SNM) scenarios of the airport operation in the years 2011, 2020 and 2030 using the INM software; b) the assessment of the results with emphasis on the study area land uses and application of RS and GIS and the exposure of residents at different levels of environmental noise; and c) the assessment of the intensity of aircraft noise annoyance at various times of day and night. The results indicated that developing IKIA together with the residential development will increase airport noise. Hence proper management and control of noise at IKIA is essential. 相似文献
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不能把"社会主义初级阶段"混同于"共产主义社会第一阶段"--与方生同志商榷 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
卫兴华 《武汉市经济管理干部学院学报》2000,14(4):10-12
社会主义初级阶段≠共产主义社会第一阶段,两者是完全不同领域的范畴;马克思所论述的旧社会痕迹≠社会主义初级阶段存在的非公有制经济. 相似文献
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This study uses multiple linear regression to identify factors contributing to perceived risk among residents near Taoyuan and Kaohsiung International Airports, the effect of perceived risk on their willingness to reduce risk, and consumption preferences that can reduce risk. Results indicated that residents' risk perception near Taoyuan Airport is lower than that near Kaohsiung Airport. Noise pollution experience, perceived probability of environmental contamination and negative effects, and perceived severity of catastrophic consequences significantly increase residents' perceived risks. Residents are willing to recognize and participate in mitigating the risks of aircraft noise pollution. The more risk residents perceive, the more willing they are to participate in disaster reduction and investigate means of improving the risk environment. 相似文献
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针对通信设备应用的复杂化和对在复杂电磁环境下工作的设备电磁兼容性提出的更高要求,通过分析对消技术的基本原理,提出了一种模拟电路和数字电路相结合的干扰对消技术,并研制出了基于该技术的干扰对消原理样机。对该样机的单机测试和系统联试结果表明,该对消技术具备点频干扰和噪声干扰的抑制能力,对消收敛时间小于100 ms,对消比大于43 dB,适合在窄带通信中应用并可推广到其他领域。该成果正逐步在实际工程中得到运用。 相似文献
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介绍了单脉冲双通道角跟踪接收机中一种不用寻找自跟零点的校相方法,阐述了该方法的原理,并与普通校相方法进行了对比,给出了这种方法的优点。 相似文献
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通过平方滤波算法对时钟初相进行预估计,实现了Gardner算法下初相注入式符号同步.该方法具有快速、高精度的特点,尤其是较好地解决了初始点为过零点的极端情况下,Gardner算法收敛方向不确定、收敛时间较长的问题.计算机仿真和实际应用证实了该方法的有效性. 相似文献