Accommodating the elderly poor: almshouses and the mixed economy of welfare in England in the second millennium

This article provides an outline of the development of the English almshouse across the second millennium, and its place within the broader spectrum of social welfare. It discusses the evolution of the almshouse into its modern form, as privately endowed housing dedicated to the elderly poor. It presents the results of new research that provides a firmer quantitative foundation for consideration of the role of the almshouse in welfare history and revisits the issue of the mixed economy of welfare to demonstrate the complex relationship between public and private provision.     

慈善事业:美、英的实践模式及其启示

慈善事业是一项基于道德的社会事业。美、英两国都十分重视慈善事业的发展,并且各自形成了独具特色的实践模式。美国慈善事业的特色包括:民间主导型的实践模式、税收激励下的慈善动机和稳定的社会公信力。英国慈善事业的特色包括:"慈善模式以政府资助为主、民间组织为辅"以及慈善事业具有良好的监管制度。美、英两国慈善事业的实践经验为我国慈善事业的发展提供了诸多有益的启示:一是要完善慈善法律体系;二是要降低慈善组织的进入门槛;三是要加强慈善组织的内部结构治理;四是要加强政府对慈善组织的支持力度;五是要加强对慈善组织的管理与监督。     

社会创投、资源获取与社会企业绩效关系研究

在社会使命和市场经济的双重驱动下,社会企业通过创新商业模式来解决社会问题。社会创投作为一种新型投资模式,解决社会企业发展难题。由于二者在国内起步较晚,学者们对社会创投如何影响社会企业发展的研究较少。借鉴风险投资和传统商业企业绩效评价体系,实证分析社会创投对社会企业绩效的影响,结果表明：社会企业在接受社会创投后绩效实现提高,并且资源获取在社会创投与社会企业绩效之间具有中介作用。这为社会企业绩效提升以及社会创投与社会企业的发展提供了理论参考和依据。     

灾害事件、规模与企业慈善捐助:中国背景

近年来,针对灾害事件的企业慈善行为研究是企业社会责任研究的热点问题。文章主要探讨在中国背景下,不同来源国（地区）的企业针对灾害事件的慈善捐助在数量上有无差异,以及国内企业的慈善捐助数量是否受企业财务状况的约束。通过研究收集到的283家国内企业和428家外资企业在5·12汶川地震后的捐助数据,结果发现：（1）不同来源国（地区）的企业在5·12地震后的捐助水平并无明显差异;（2）国内企业的捐助数量主要受到企业规模而非企业利润（ROA）的影响。     

我国企业慈善行为的市场反应——基于汶川地震捐赠数据的实证检验

本文以136家中国上市公司为样本,分析了汶川地震后资本市场对企业发布捐赠公告的市场反应,与对照组企业相比,样本中的企业的7天累计超额收益率显著为正.但是,当把样本划分为政府控股企业和私人企业两类后,本文发现两类企业在捐赠行为上存在明显的差异,Godfrey的"慈善捐赠只有被看作是企业社会责任的真实表达时才可以提高企业价值"的观点,在政府控股企业并不适用.     

慈善捐赠行为对企业品牌资产影响的实验研究

慈善捐赠行为对企业品牌资产的影响机理是一个理论难题,也是实务界关心的现实问题。本文采用实验研究方法,基于顾客的品牌资产理论认知,以大学生和高校后勤职工为对象,考察了不同类型慈善捐赠行为对企业品牌资产的影响,并分析了感知风险的调节作用。实验研究表明,“反应性-一般群体”类和“先行性-特定群体”类慈善捐赠行为能够提升品牌忠诚;四类慈善捐赠行为均对品牌知晓和品牌形象产生了正面影响;感知风险在慈善捐赠行为和企业品牌资产之间具有调节作用。     

Exploring the Geography of Corporate Philanthropic Disaster Response: A Study of Fortune Global 500 Firms

In recent years, major disasters have figured prominently in the media. While corporate response to disasters may have raised corporate philanthropy to a new level, it remains an understudied phenomenon. This article draws on comparative research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate philanthropy to explore the geography of corporate philanthropic disaster response. The study analyzes donation announcements made by Fortune Global 500 firms from North America, Europe and Asia to look for regional patterns across three recent disasters: the South Asian Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, and the Kashmiri earthquake. The results reveal inter-regional differences in the overall likelihood of donations and in their cash value, in addition to the identification of home-region- and local presence effects. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Corporate philanthropy, attitude towards corporations, and purchase intentions: A South Korea study

This study proposes a model integrating attributions about perceived motives of corporation philanthropy (CP), attitude towards the corporations conducting CP, and subsequent purchasing intention. The model is tested in South Korea where the culture and business environment are different from that in North America. Data are collected from two different stakeholder groups of South Koreans (127 managers and 229 consumers: total sample of 356). The results based on the total sample indicate that only when corporations are perceived as conducting CP for public-serving (altruistic) motives, the CP significantly influences attitude towards the corporations. When the sample is divided into the two different stakeholder groups, non-identical patterns of relationships between motives and attitudes are observed. Managers show favorable relationships between motives and attitude, while consumers become skeptical for the reactive motive. The functional relationships between motives and attitude proposed in the model are partially supported with the South Korean data.     

Corporate Philanthropy, Criminal Activity, and Firm Reputation: Is There a Link?

This study examined the influence of corporate giving programs on the link between certain categories of corporate crime and corporate reputation. Specifically, firms that violate EPA and OSHA regulations should, to some extent, experience a decline in their reputations, while firms that contribute to charitable causes should see their reputations enhanced. The results of this study support both of these contentions. Further, the results suggest that corporate giving significantly moderates the link between the number of EPA and OSHA violations committed by a firm and its reputation. Thus, while a firm's reputation can be diminished through its violation of various government regulations, the extent of the decline in reputation may be significantly reduced through charitable giving.     

A Content Analysis of Compatible Fit among Message Elements in Philanthropy Ads

This research examined philanthropy ad messages in terms of four key elements: philanthropy goal, beneficiary, expected fundraising impact, and how the suggested donation is appraised. A content analysis was carried out to systematically study ad messages from nonprofit organizations on the Philanthropy 400 list. Specifically, the frequency of appearance of each type of message elements was analyzed in terms of four theoretical concepts: regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention goal), egoism/altruism (self vs. others as beneficiary), temporal orientation (present vs. future fundraising impact), and efficacy appraisal (self- vs. response-efficacy in how a donation is appraised). Since past research further suggests that persuasion may be enhanced when message elements are well matched in terms of “compatible fits,” this study further analyzed how the four message elements were combined in usage. The findings of this research show that while most nonprofit organizations actively utilized all four types of elements in their messages, the current practice did not follow the guidelines as would be suggested by compatible fits literature. In this respect, more research is needed to understand the discrepancy and provide better guidelines for future communication strategies in the nonprofit sector.