INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS IN INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS

The analysis of income distribution (ID) has traditionally been of prime importance for economists and policy-makers. However, the standard input–output (I–O) model is not particularly well equipped for studying current issues such as the consequences of decreasing access to primary inputs or the effects of specific redistributive policies. This paper addresses this gap in the existing literature. We propose that IDs can excellently be studied by restructuring the I–O relations. A new coefficients matrix is defined, the so-called augmented input coefficients matrix. This matrix is the sum of the intermediate input coefficients matrix and newly constructed matrices of sector-specific input coefficients that represent the existing distribution of income. We show that shifts in the distribution can be modelled by attributing weights to these matrices and vary these according to system-specific rules. Numerical illustrations based on the existing literature are given throughout the paper.     

汽车合格证融资行为的法律研究

汽车合格证融资作为一种新型融资手段被广泛应用于汽车行业,但是该行为的法律性质一直存在争议。此外,该种融资手段实际损害了消费者权益,消费者的权利主张是否应该得到支持也是值得研究的问题。     

赴韩中国旅游市场开发对策分析

中国是韩国的第二大旅游客源市场。为了加强赴韩中国旅游市场的开发,以韩国文献和数据为基础,客观地分析了中国旅游者赴韩旅游的特征。通过特征分析,从宏观视角有针对性地提出了赴韩中国旅游市场的开发对策,以期为赴韩中国旅游市场的开发提供一点借鉴,达到促进中韩旅游交流的目的。     

基于价值工程的军车民用化成本控制

由于军用汽车在强度、动力等各方面要求很高,而民用市场又不需要如此高的要求,所以军用汽车进入民用市场时,存在由于不必要的性能而导致成本过高的问题。文章简要介绍了价值工程的原理,并以某军用汽车改进成民用汽车为例,说明如何利用价值工程原理有效实现了产品的费用和效能之间的平衡,以降低产品成本,提高产品竞争力。     

Relations between organizational commitment and focal and discretionary behaviours

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relations between organizational commitment (OC) dimensions and two focal and discretionary behaviours (intention to stay and organizational citizenship behaviour). Drawing on a sample of 310 Spanish employees of small services firms, this research reveals that in contrast to recent findings that detected a nonlinear (inverted U-shaped) relationship between continuance commitment and intention to stay, the form of the relationships between OC dimensions and the proposed outcomes is linear rather than nonlinear. Furthermore, when dividing continuance commitment into two subcomponents, the research results indicate that the dimension associated with commitment based on few existing employment alternatives is significantly, negatively and linearly related to intention to stay and organizational citizenship behaviour. This suggests that the three-component model of OC suffers from a conceptual inconsistency, which is further discussed.     

UG参数化设计过程中的常见问题解析

对UG参数化设计的定义、方法进行简单介绍,主要对UG在参数化设计过程中的常见问题及注意要点进行分析讲解,并针对问题提出相应的解决方案。     

领导干部要在密切联系群众方面做表率

党员领导干部必须加强对党的作风建设的认识,认识党和职工群众血肉相联系的重要性,坚持党的群众路线,做到深入、关心、依靠职工群众,在密切联系群众中把党的作风建设的各项要求落到实处。     

Trade and access to finance of SMEs: is there a nexus?

Limited resources and barriers to entry are critically higher for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) than for large companies. One of the reasons explaining why the resources of SMEs are scarce is their limited access to financial services. This in turn reduces the likelihood of exporting. For this reason, using the census of SMEs done by the Central Bank of Egypt and the Egyptian Banking Institute, we try to examine the impact of access to finance on their export performance. We measure the latter by the extensive margin that means the probability of becoming an exporter and the probability of serving several markets. We found a significant and positive impact of dealing with banks and having banking facilities on the probability of exporting and that of exporting to more than one destination. Thus, wider and more efficient financial services are likely to increase the number of exporters and boost exports’ diversification.     

浅析建筑企业施工管理费费率的确定

建设工程工程量清单计价规范(GB50500-2008)已于2008-12-01正式实施,规范对清单模式下的投标抱价活动中相关术语做了相应界定,其中将标底正式更正为招标控制价。招标控制价的界定,为招投标活动的合理有效进行铺平了道路。对投标人来说,接踵而来的是投标报价让利问题。如果投标人对自己施工过的项目的管理费用没有具体的量化指标,在施工竟标中将处于劣势。本文站在投标人立场,讨论施工企业管理费率的合理确定问题。