可再生能源绿色证书政策的理论研究

可再生能源发电具有的正外部性等特点,需要政府相关机构对其进行价格管制,以保证和促进可再生能源电力的发展。目前主要的管制方法有固定电价政策、竞价上网政策以及可交易的绿色证书政策等。本文从理论的角度对绿色证书政策进行研究,分析了可再生能源发电市场和绿色证书市场的本质和价格的决定问题,阐述了绿色证书政策对资源配置的促进作用以及对绿色证书政策的制约和影响因素。     

Examining the ‘relative image’ of tourism destinations: a case study

Many traditional destination image studies employ a non-comparative assessment approach. This study, however, suggests defining and measuring destination image in a comparative manner (termed ‘relative image’) for the purpose of destination positioning. Using a case study on American leisure travellers’ image of Mainland China, the author proposes and demonstrates the utility of a multi-step procedure of relative image assessment. The author concludes that by utilising competing destinations as a reference frame and replicating tourists’ actual decision-making process, relative image assessment may generate more relevant information and insights for destination marketers.     

行政区划调整对住宅价格变化的影响效应分析——以南汇并入浦东新区为例

行政区划的调整往往是为了适应城市化和区域经济一体化的要求而进行的。除经济和生态环境因素外,住宅价格还受社会、文化和政治等因素的影响和作用,但行政因素对住宅价格变化影响的实证研究并不多见。以上海市南汇区并入浦东新区为例,运用Hedonic模型、多元线性回归分析、半弹性系数等方法,从时间和空间两个方面,定量测度行政区划调整对住宅市场价格变化的影响程度。结果表明:从时间变化上看,行政区划调整以后,浦东新区各板块的住宅均价呈现上涨趋势,住宅价格比调整之前上涨2.74个百分点,且前阶段的涨幅较之后要大;从空间变化上看,外郊环、郊环外涨幅潜力更大。总体而言,行政区划调整对区域住宅价格变化有一定的正面影响,但其影响程度有限且不及区位、交通和住宅特征等因素显著。因此,地方政府和房地产开发商应当理性对待行政区划调整策略,不能过于奢望通过短期的行政区划调整来提升房地产价值,而应当更多地关注开发区位的选址及区域交通和环境条件的改善,提升物业管理水平与服务质量,完善社区公共服务配套设施建设。     

基于公平角度的房价合理性研究——以江苏某市为例

房价问题已经成为社会关注的焦点,建立科学的房价合理性评价指标体系成为当前亟待解决的重要问题。许多研究者认为房价收入比是比较合理的方法,本文认为用房价收入比衡量房价合理性不符合当前中国的实际,存在三个方面的缺陷。科学的评价体系必须能够反映收入结构、支出结构和住房供应结构的差异,以机会均等作为房价合理的判别准则。按照这一设想,本文提出了以“住房负担能力、住房机会指数和住房机会均等指数”为核心的房价合理性评价指标体系,并对2005年江苏某市房价合理性进行了实证分析,提出了改善其房价合理性的相关建议。     

最优能源强度与我国经济增长

本文通过一个内生增长模型对能源消费与经济增长的关系进行了分析,证实存在使经济增长率最大化的最优能源强度,并且最优能源强度与能源价格反方向变动.在此基础上,估计了近年来我国的最优能源强度,并测算了实际能源强度与最优值的差距.结果表明,近年来我国实际能源强度高于最优值达3万吨标准煤/亿元以上,且有不断上升的趋势.最后提出了在保持最优能源强度的前提下降低能源消耗的政策建议.     

信息网络管理模式新探

管理是生产力发展到一定阶段的特定产物。管理模式是生产关系的具体体现。信息网络管理模式是在当今社会经济、文化、生活的信息化、知识化的潮流下应运而生的一种新的管理模式。它通过对管理要素的优化组合,管理节点功能的正确定位,在分层管理的基础上,引进管理信息平台和高速宽带互联网,使网络具备并行运行和实时处理能力,从而大大提高网络的管理功效。网络的功效评价是网络性能的重要指标之一,它表示一定时期内单位管理成本所产生的目标效果。任何一种管理模式都不是万能的和完美无缺的,也会存在这样那样的不足。因此在实际运行当中应注意调查研究,加强基础和薄弱环节的建设,逐步改善和提高网络的运行机制和性能。作为新事物,信息网络管理模式具有强大的生命力,可以预见它必将使经济和社会生活发生一次深刻的变革。     

Mixed Market Competition in a Quality Differentiated Duopoly Model An Approach to Banking Sector

This paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework to investigate the competitive implications of quality choices of financial institutions whereby they charge prices to consumers based on their willingness to pay for the service qualities in the mixed market scenario under vertical product differentiation model. Initially, it analyzes benchmark equilibrium solutions of monopoly and duopoly to establish the degree of quality differentiation between two private banks in an uncover market configuration. Further, it estimates the quality differentiation between private and public banks, and examines the interaction between two market structures keeping public bank as both leader and follower, and then measures the social welfare from different prospectives. The explicit operation of two stages Nash equilibrium game forecasted that public banks＇ monopoly seems to be still better than a private banking, and it is socially optimal. The outcome demonstrates a significant importance of vertical quality differentiation for policy implication in banking industry and provides an insight on the reasons of particular co-existence of public and private banking services in the specified location. In this context, it is concluded that the presence of public banks in banking industries is a crucial condition for obtaining the higher range of social welfare.     

Fire sales by euro area banks and funds: What is their asset price impact?

The assets under management of investment funds have soared in recent years, triggering a debate on their possible implications for financial stability. We contribute to this debate assessing the asset price impact of fire sales in a novel partial equilibrium model of euro area funds and banks calibrated over the period between 2008 and 2017. An initial shock to yields causes funds to sell assets to address investor redemptions, while both banks and funds sell assets to keep their leverage constant. These fire sales generate second-round price effects. We find that the potential losses due to the price impact of fire sales have decreased over time for the system. The contribution of funds to this impact is lower than that of banks. However, funds’ relative contribution has risen due to their increased assets under management and banks’ lower leverage and rebalancing towards loans. Should this trend continue, funds will become an increasingly important source of systemic risk.     

基于广义虚拟经济视角下的中国居民消费与房价关系研究

根据居民消费理论,一般而言财富增加会促进消费,国外大量经验研究已证实了房价对消费存在正向的作用。但对于中国而言,房价上涨(财富增加)似乎并没有带动消费的增加?这是什么原因呢?我们认为房价上涨不仅有财富效应,也有与之相对应的替代效应(或称为挤出效应),这是因为短期内房价上涨使得人们购房支出增加而挤出日常消费。另一方面,基于广义虚拟经济视角的消费者心理分析也能更好地解释这一现象。本文利用1999-2010年我国的省际面板数据进行估计后发现,在我国,房价上涨会对消费的变动产生显著的负影响。对此,本文认为,这主要是由于替代效应造成的,同时中国以家庭为观念的社会结构也使得人们宁愿挤出日常消费也要承受"房奴"的生活。     

我国旅游价格管理：现状、改革背景与政策分析

旅游业发展是一项复杂的系统工程，需要各相关行业和各项政策措施的配套协调。由于旅游价格的杠杆效应，如何应对入世给我国旅游业带来的挑战，改革并完善与国际接轨的旅游价格管理新体制是每一个旅游价格管理工作者应当思考的现实问题。