消费者行为对财政政策的异质反应——以城镇分层收入者为例

对于财政政策与居民消费的关系,主要存在凯恩斯观点、生命周期观点和李嘉图等价命题三种研究视角.但对中国而言,当前的转型经济环境将使现实中符合上述三种视角的居民会同时存在,亦即不同消费群体对财政政策的反应是异质的.文章构建了一个扩展的生命周期理论框架,其中凯恩斯观点和李嘉图等价命题均为这个框架下的特殊形式,从而为消费者行为对财政政策的异质反应提供了一个理论性的解释.此外,文章将我国城镇居民按收入等级分为五组进行相关的经验检验,发现各居民户组对财政政策的反应模式大致按收入水平由高到低表现为李嘉图等价情形、扩展的生命周期情形和凯恩斯情形,这意味着财政政策的制定对各收入阶层的居民具有歧视性效果.文章最后从优化政府购买的支出结构和调整当前税制结构两个方面提出了若干政策建议以刺激国内居民消费的增长.     

战略性新兴产业上市公司金融支持效率及其影响因素研究

培育战略性新兴产业是当前我国促进经济结构转变,顺应世界经济发展趋势的必然选择。本文运用DEA方法测度战略性新兴产业金融支持效率,以此为基础构建金融支持效率影响因素模型。实证研究表明,市场性金融支持行为在经济波动期存在效率缺失;金融支持效率的实现伴随风险的增高;在间接融资驱动力不足情况下,直接融资成为战略性新兴产业发展的主要支撑。分析结果认为,提高战略性新兴产业金融支持效率需要充分发挥政策金融的引导作用,突出银行的支持功能,推进金融服务多元化,提高产业的风险抵御能力。     

Human capital in the Dubai hotel industry: A study of four- and five-star hotels and the HR challenges they face

Dubai brands itself as an international leisure and business center and home to the luxury hotel market. While hotel growth has been, and continues to be rapid, little is known about hotel employees, their demographics or how they feel about working in this industry. This article reports the findings of what is the first review of Dubai hotel human capital, noting there are significant difference in workforce demographics to other countries, for example, it is male dominated, highly educated, and employees note positive levels of organizational social capital. It also highlights potential challenges going forward.     

Memberships Levels in U. S. Private Clubs During the 2008–2010 Economic Downturn

This study measured membership changes in private clubs in the United States during the economic downturn from 2008 to 2010. Specifically examined were the changes clubs experienced with their number of members, waiting lists, and attrition rates. A letter was sent via e-mail to the same 1,000 private clubs that were sent a survey in a similar study conducted by Ferreira and Gustafson (2006 Ferreira, R. R. and Gustafson, C. M. 2006. Declining memberships during an economic downturn in U.S. private clubs. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 7(2/3): 3–18. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) The managers of these clubs were members of the Club Managers Association of America. The majority of respondents managed country clubs and member-owned clubs, representing different areas of the United States. An overall response rate of 53% was achieved. Most clubs experienced a decrease in the overall number of members and an increase in annual attrition rate. Fewer clubs reported having a waiting list of members wanting to join. The clubs without waiting lists reported a larger number of membership openings in their clubs. The results of this study suggest the levels of memberships in many private clubs are heavily influenced by economic conditions. An implication from this study is that clubs need to implement membership development strategies during economic downturns because of the decline in the number of members, candidates proposed, and waiting lists during these periods.     

The role of social capital in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism

This study integrated the theoretical perspective of social capital into community-based ecotourism (CBET). Two destinations were selected to test the conceptual model to see whether social capital improves cooperation between community residents and the coordination of CBET development, and whether its role is persuasive and encourages residents' pro-environmental behaviors. The sample consisted of 420 residents living in two typical ecotourism destinations in China. Findings from a two-stage structural equation model analysis show that economic benefits have a direct impact on residents' pro-environmental behaviors; and the cognitive, rather than structural social capital has a partially mediating effects on this relationship. These findings indicate that a high level of social capital, particularly the cognitive variant, is instrumental in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors.     

民俗旅游的意识形态

民俗旅游是全球化背景下权力政治、资本与地方性文化之间共谋的结果，是一种后现代文化现象，服务于民族－－国家的现代化建设诉求。民俗旅游的兴盛，既是“本土现代性”的表现，也是文化政治之暴力的一种表述，民俗文化旅游继续着现代性话语对于民间、边缘文化的霸权性质。     

Solesolevaki as social capital: a tale of a village,two tribes,and a resort in Fiji

This paper advances understanding of the complex and adaptive nature of indigenous Fijian communities involved in tourism. It examines how tourism-related development has set the people of one Fijian village along two separate development pathways, and explores how preferential access to tourism benefits has created disparities within the community. Complex Adaptive Systems theory and Social Capital theory are used to conceptualise how over 40 years of tourism involvement has influenced development within an indigenous Fijian community. The findings argue that indigenous Fijian communities are non-homogeneous entities, which are constantly in transition, responding and adapting integratively to both internal and external changes over time. The findings show that the emergence of new behaviours and ways of life has led to the collapse of the pre-existing systems of social capital. As a response, community members retreated and regrouped, strengthening internal bonds and social capital in their smaller social units, leading to both dependency and opportunity-seeking behaviours among participants. Ultimately, the paper asserts that money alone does not lead to development, but rather tourism and access to a variety of capital do.     

对"出境旅游押金"现象的思考

本文选择"出境旅游押金"现象作为研究对象,通过分析"出境旅游押金"现象的成因,以对防范境外滞留不归的责任格局的分析作为切入点,指出现阶段"出境旅游押金"的存在有其合理性、合法性,并提出了完善"出境旅游押金"责任机制的对策建议.     

民办高校筹资渠道研究

从中国的民办普通高等学校(下面简称:民办高校)的发展历程和发展现状来看,民办高校想要壮大起来有很大的阻碍,其中最主要的就是经费短缺。一个学校的发展必须要以充足的资金做后盾,民办高校也不例外,现在如何实现多渠道、全方位筹资成为民办高校急需解决的问题。本文从介绍我国民办高校的筹集渠道入手,对比美国的私立大学的资金来源,从中分析出中国民办高校存在的筹资问题,进而借鉴国外的先进经验,提出包括政府、民办高校自身、社会力量三个方面的拓宽民办高校筹资渠道的方法。     

民营资本介入与我国民营图书流通业变革——以产业规制演变的视角

分析了改革开放以来我国民营图书流通业规制的历史变迁,以及在此背景下民营资本的市场选择,从而总结出其经营策略的变化规律,最后得出了相应的建议。