关于基本经济制度的三点探索

党的十六大重申社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度,不仅再次肯定公有制为主体,并且把多种所有制经济包括私营经济也纳入,是对传统理论的一大突破。这是从现阶段的实际出发,有着多样的现实条件。强调两个"毫不动摇",澄清了不同看法,其结果很可能形成混合经济居大的格局:宏观上是多种所有制经济并存,微观上是产权多元化的股份制公司为典型。坚持和完善基本经济制度,有一系列的对策,除深化国有、集体企业改革和鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展外,令人想起毛泽东曾经讲过的四句话:"公私兼顾、劳资两利、城乡互助、内外交流"。     

私营企业家族成员介入与企业经营绩效关系研究——从个性特征角度分析

我国私营企业家族经营的重要标志,是在企业用人上倾向于家族成员介入企业经营管理。通过研究文献,我们发现个性特征在组织管理过程中一旦被发挥和利用,将产生无穷的创造力,因此本文将从个性特征的角度研究私营企业家族成员介入与企业经营绩效之间的关系。通过实证研究,发现家族成员的介入并不一定会降低企业绩效,进而分析出具备何种个性特征的家族成员的介入有利于提高企业的经营绩效,并解释了现实生活中那些经营绩效比较好的私营企业在成熟期时也存在一定比例家族成员的现象。这对于企业保留、培养具备一定个性特征的家族成员介入企业经营管理具有一定的借鉴意义,同时,对于推动私营企业不断发展壮大具有现实意义。     

公司治理前沿研究综述——大股东控制、隧道行为、隐性收益与投资者保护

本文回顾了公司治理领域关于大股东控制问题的最新研究成果,主要包括大股东控制存在的普遍性、大股东控制权与现金流权的分离模式、大股东控制的激励效应和隧道效应,以及投资者保护问题等。梳理了该领域的研究脉络,并对主要发现和结论进行了总结和评论。文献研究表明,股权集中的内在机制在于大股东有动力和机会增加所有股东都可以获得的共享收益,而且大股东可以通过消耗公司资源来获得小股东无法分享的控制权隐性收益,并导致企业价值的下降。高效的投资者保护机制能够在一定程度上抑制大股东侵害小股东利益的隧道行为,提升企业价值。     

从浙江民营经济发展谈西部开发

本文在描述浙江民营经济发展的轨迹，总结浙江民营经济发展的一般意义的基础上，认为西部开发的关键在于经济发展的内生机制，而民营经济的发展有利于创建这种内生机制。论文还探讨了西部发展民营经济的初始条件和发展模式。     

Measurement of Quality of Life and Well‐Being in France: The Drivers of Subjective Well‐Being

Ever since the publication of the Stiglitz Report, France has been heavily involved in the measurement of well‐being. The French Statistical Institute (INSEE) has expanded the scope of its existing surveys. It has also launched an innovative experimental survey which, drawing upon a single statistical source, aims for the first time to explore the different dimensions of both objective and subjective quality of life, as highlighted in the Stiglitz Report. It allows us to study, at the individual level, correlations between these dimensions and the accumulation of deprivations. It has enabled us to better understand the links between determinants generally referred to as objective dimensions of quality of life (such as health or education) and subjective well‐being. This information is of paramount importance for policy makers who cannot act directly on the level of people's satisfaction but can only act upon the levers of objective dimensions. This paper presents the main findings of the experimental survey.     

英国养老金金融化改革的经验和启示

文章梳理了英国养老金制度改革历程,归纳了三个支柱改革的金融化导向及表现,分析了金融化改革对第二、三支柱养老金覆盖率、缴费率、投资收益和基金积累的影响,以及生命周期化投资、养老金债券等金融创新在应对低利率风险、金融危机冲击风险中的作用.基于英国养老金金融化改革经验,结合我国企业年金和个人养老金发展的实际,总结了引入"自动加入"制度、发展集合年金计划、完善税收优惠、推行审慎监管、鼓励养老金生命周期投资创新以及改革基础养老金制度为职业年金和个人养老金金融化改革创造条件等结论和启示.     

江苏乡镇民营工业企业技术进步的现状、问题与对策

本文分析了产权制度改革后江苏省乡镇民营工业技术进步现状．阐述了江苏乡镇民营工业企业技术进步存在的问题和制约因素。本文认为同发达国家相比．其总体水平仍然较低，主要表现在技术进步率、设备水平和职工素质等方面，其原因既有技改资金方面的问题．也有体制和机制及社会化服务等方面的问题。最后，本文提出了在相应的对策性建议。     

The Load Model: an alternative to QALY

Background: QALYs are widely used in health economic evaluation, but remain controversial, largely because they do not reflect how many people behave in practice. This paper presents a new conceptual model (Load Model) and illustrates it in comparison with the QALY model.

Methods: Load is the average annual weight attributed to morbidity and mortality over a defined period, using weightings based on preference judgements. Morbidity Load is attributed to states of illness, according to their perceived severity. When people are in full health, Load is zero (no morbidity). Death is treated as an event with negative consequences, incurred in the year following death. Deaths may be weighted equally, with a fixed negative weight such as ?100, or differ according to the context of death. After death, Load is zero. In a worked example, we use the standard gamble method to obtain a weighting for an illness state, for both Load and QALY models. A judge is indifferent between certainty of 1.5 years’ illness followed by death, or a 50/50 chance of 1.5 years’ full health or 1-year illness, each followed by death. The weightings calculated are applied to a hypothetical life, 72 years in full health followed by 3 years with illness then death, using both models. Three other hypothetical outcomes are also compared.

Results: For an example life, the relative size of the morbidity component compared with the mortality component is much higher in the Load model than in the QALY model. When comparing alternative outcomes, there are also substantial differences between the two models.

Conclusions: In the Load model the weight of morbidity, relative to mortality, is very different from that in the QALY model. Given the role of the QALYs in economic evaluation, the implications of an alternative, which generates very different results, warrant further exploration.     

家庭随访健康教育对缺血性脑卒中并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的影响

缺血性脑卒中并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征作为一种复杂性疾病,在一定程度上影响了患者的生后质量。本文通过实施家庭随访健康教育,对患者进行干预,从而改善缺血性脑卒中并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征情况,提高患者生活质量。让患者从思想上重视,提高治疗依从性,为提高治疗效果提供参考依据。     

公共产品供给主体及边界确定的交易费用经济学分析——兼论我国公共产品供给过程中交易费用的计量

将新制度经济学中交易费用理论引入公共产品供给分析,给出了供给公共产品的主体确定的理论模型,并在威廉姆森范式扩展的基础上得出了各个主体的边界,认为最优公共产品供给方式的选择和主体边界的确定,取决于公共产品供给过程中发生的交易费用.测算了中国公私部门供给公共产品过程中存在的交易费用,发现就我国公共产品的供给而言,在一定的条件下将公共产品供给由政府部门交给私人部门与第三部门可以节约交易费用,提高公共产品供给的效率.