技术周期内的设备投资与经济高质量发展

包含关键技术的设备投资是打破技术壁垒,加快技术发展周期,实现制造业"弯道超车"的关键。本文从理论上剖析了技术生命周期内的设备投资对企业全要素生产率的影响程度和路径,并选取2009-2018年沪深两市A股上市公司数据实证检验该影响的异质性。结果表明:设备投资通常能够提升企业全要素生产率,且对低技术成熟度企业的促进作用大于高技术成熟度企业;设备投资对工艺创新有显著的促进作用,但对产品创新无显著正向影响,甚至存在抑制作用;低技术成熟度企业通过设备投资促进产品创新提升企业全要素生产率,而高技术成熟度企业倾向于投资工艺设备提升企业全要素生产率。因此,企业应重视技术发展阶段对企业投资决策的影响,根据自身技术发展情况,制定合理的投资策略和创新路径,并适度进行资本积累。     

A NOTE ON PRICING OF PRODUCT QUALITY FOR STATUS CONCERNS

The paper analyses the optimal pricing of the product quality scheme when concerns for relative standing exist among consumers. We demonstrate that if the proportion of high‐value consumers is over (respectively, under) 1/2 of the total consumers, a firm has an incentive to select a large (respectively, small) quality gap among products. Therefore, there exists a cut‐off level for status concerns, which eliminates quality differences, and the firm assigns the same quality to all the consumers. These results indicate that consumers’ qualities will reflect distortions at the top and bottom. Accordingly, the firm's profit depends on which consumer category is larger.     

La gestión mecanicista de las Instituciones de Educación Superior: un estudio desde la modelación sistémica

The bureaucratic tendencies to organize work in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of which facilitates personnel control and the mechanical ways to measure educational content are the ones that shatter education in pieces, under the hierarchy criterion, also shattering the professor's labor. This organizational method results in an incompetent education, leaving very negative consequences for teaching development. We address this problem by using systemic modeling and Structural Equations Systems (SEM) to confirm hypotheses from scientific observation. It was proven that there was a negative impact of mechanistic management which affected teacher's development. This was proven in context in two HEIs located in Villahermosa (Tabasco, Mexico).     

Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research

Abstract

Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a key multivariate analysis technique that human resource management (HRM) researchers frequently use. While most disciplines undertake regular critical reflections on the use of important methods to ensure rigorous research and publication practices, the use of PLS-SEM in HRM has not been analyzed so far. To address this gap in HRM literature, this paper presents a critical review of PLS-SEM use in 77 HRM studies published over a 30-year period in leading journals. By contrasting the review results with state-of-the-art guidelines for use of the method, we identify several areas that offer room of improvement when applying PLS-SEM in HRM studies. Our findings offer important guidance for future use of the PLS-SEM method in HRM and related fields.     

Carbon and energy prices under uncertainty: A theoretical analysis of fuel switching with heterogenous power plants

European power producers have a major influence on the EU ETS, given that both their CO₂ emissions and their EUA (European Union Allowance) allocations account for more than half of the total volumes of the scheme. Fuel switching is often considered as the main short-term abatement measure under the EU ETS. It consists in substituting combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) for hard-coal plants in power generation. Thereby coal plants run for shorter periods, and CO₂ emissions are reduced. This paper provides the first theoretical analysis of fuel switching, in a context where power plants involved are not equally efficient. We begin with a preliminary work using illustrative examples and sensitivity analyses, which enables us to observe how differences in the efficiency of power plants impact the cost of fuel switching, and how this is related to the level of switching effort. Based on this, we build a theoretical model taking into account the effect of differences in the efficiency of power plants involved in fuel switching. We also investigate the effect of the timing of fuel switching abatements, within the temporally defined environment of our dynamic model. Results demonstrate that the gas price and uncontrolled CO₂ emissions act together on the carbon price. We show that the influence of the gas price on the carbon price depends on the level of uncontrolled CO₂ emissions, due to heterogeneity of power plants that are used in the fuel switching process. Furthermore, we show that the time of occurrence of uncontrolled emissions matters so that shocks have a stronger impact when they occur in a period that is closed to the end of the phase.     

产品设计专业中《设计图学》教学研究与实践

本文由艺术设计类中产品设计专业的设计图学现教学中存在的问题入手，探索该课程的体系结构、教学模式，着重阐述了谊门课程在教学改革中的思路、方法及具体措施。从激发学生学习兴趣、完善教学内容、改善教学方法及手段等方面进行改革，从而提高艺术设计类学生学习设计图学的积极性、主动性、创造性。为培养产品设计人才提供有效的途径。     

Neighborhood Effects and Regional Poverty Traps in Rural China

The present paper investigates how neighborhood effects are connected to chronic poverty. We examine a large sample of groups of households and find that neighborhood effects are significant in a majority of groups, especially in the poorest groups. People living in poor communities tend to suffer from poverty over time. It is of theoretical and empirical importance to explore how neighborhood effects are interrelated with chronic poverty and the channels through which this occurs. Unlike other econometric analyses, we establish a multilevel econometric model to show that： （i） it is difficult for an individual living in a neighborhood with a high proportion of agricultural labor, low education levels, and poor transport and telecommunication infrastructure to escape from poverty traps; （ii） neighborhood effects dominate in poor communities; and （iii） although poverty is affected by group-level factors, individual factors still play a dominant role in regards to escaping poverty when income surpasses a threshold level Therefore, policy priority should be given to providing social protection and public services, especially in poor rural areas.     

中美产品责任惩罚性赔偿制度构成要件的比较

我国《侵权责任法》首次规定产品责任惩罚性赔偿,但存在主观要件过严、举证难、赔偿责任及数额不具体等问题。应借鉴美国相关法律,予以完善。     

后税费时代的农村公共产品供给机制创新——基于政府、市场与村民自治组织的分工与合作

全面取消农业税后,农村的部分公共产品供给陷入了困境。农村公共产品缺乏的主要原因是供给机制的缺失,其中重要的因素是农村公共产品供给责任不清以及供给模式单一。本文从政府、市场与村民自治组织的分工与合作的角度阐述了如何清楚划分各级政府在农村公共产品供给中的职责和范围以及如何将私人部门和非营利性组织引入到农村公共产品供给中来,实现政府和市场的合作。