公路改建项目环境影响评价中公众参与的实例研究

在安徽省205国道(新线)天长段改建项目环境影响评价中开展公众参与调查,采用问卷调查的形式对公路两侧各200m范围内的居民和单位员工进行调查。结果表明,公众对205国道(新线)天长段改建项目都很支持,对当前的环境现状比较满意,一般认为工程对环境质量的影响较小。     

印度E—Choupal的商业模式及对我国农业电子商务的启示分析

文中对印度农业电子商务E—Choupal的产生背景、商业模式与服务内容进行了详尽分析,并对我国农业电子商务发展的启示做了阐述。     

苏南模式社会主义新农村社区参与旅游发展的态度研究——以江苏省常熟市蒋巷村为例

江苏省常熟市蒋巷村为典型的苏南模式乡村,集体经济发达,作为全国农业旅游示范点和社会主义新农村建设的典型,近年来乡村旅游迅速发展。从蒋巷村居民参与乡村旅游发展的态度着手,了解居民参与乡村旅游发展及其对旅游影响的感知差异。调查可知,蒋巷居民目前发展乡村旅游的经济、社会基础较好,积极性也较高,但缺乏政策引导和实践经验。在此基础上探讨苏南模式社会主义新农村社区参与乡村旅游发展的方式与内容,提出：可通过首批＂农家乐＂旅游示范户的建设及其示范效应充分调动农民开发＂农家乐＂旅游的积极性;加快旅游新项目建设,吸引村民参与相关工作;鼓励村民参与娱乐、交通、购物设施的建设。以期为同类型村镇的社区参与发展提供必要的理论参考和依据。     

Mega-events as drivers of community participation in developing countries: The case of Shanghai World Expo

Within a wide body of literature it has been argued and demonstrated that community participation in tourism development is advantageous in terms of the sustainability and effectiveness of the development policies adopted. However, over time, doubts have been raised about whether community participation should take place in developing countries. There are major concerns regarding the immaturity and the incompliance of the political and social conditions of developing countries in relation to the requirements necessary for an effective participatory planning. In this paper, we argue that mega-events, due to their wide scope and the key role that large groups of stakeholders play in their success, may represent a driver for community participation in developing countries. In order to explore our idea, we will analyse tourism development and the planning of a mega-event within the Yangtze River Delta area, driven by the organisation and preparation of the Shanghai World Expo. According to our evidence, some initial elements of participative decision-making have indeed developed around the organisation of this mega-event, even though China has historically been considered refractory towards community participation. Finally, we discuss the findings in the light of existing knowledge to elicit significant questions about community participation in tourism development within developing countries and to address further research on this topic.     

公民参与在公共政策制定中的意义

公民参与在公共政策的整个运行过程中,充分保障广大人民群众的主人翁地位,真正贯彻公共政策的民主化原则,制定出科学、合理、公正的公共政策,以实现公共政策的有效性中的意义是极其重大而深远的。公民参与也是民主程序的核心概念,“真正的民主,需要通过‘公民不断的参与’,方能领略什么是民主,在心理上融会和建立民主作风,在行为上获取民主办事的技巧和方法,这样才可以保证社会运作是真正由人民主宰。”     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

Tourism in Tropical Africa A review of literature in English and research agenda

Literature on tourism in tropical Africa is reviewed to indicate the current and future roles of tourism in tropical African countries. Attention is then directed to research issues whose investigation may lead to the development of guidelines for the extension, regulation, and management of tourism. These issues are arranged under the following headings: inventory, demand, types of tourism, economic impacts, socio-cultural impacts, environmental impacts, infrastructure, regional patterns, international cooperation, and tourism futures.     

Values as determinants of motivation: Tourism and other career choices

Neuman, Yoram, Abraham Pizam and Arie Reichel, Values as Determinants of Motivation: Tourism and Other Career Choices. Annals of Tourism Research 1980, VII (3): 428–442. This study examined the predictive validity of work values in explaining motivational patterns of three groups of career preparation differing in their occupational specificity: Tourism/Hospitality, Management, and Liberal Arts. It was found that the higher the occupational specificity of a career preparation the higher is the predictive validity of work values in explaining work motivations. As predicted, the best relationships between values and motivation was found in the maximally specified occupation, namely: tourism/hospitality students, followed by management students with the liberal arts students — the most flexible occupational group — having the lowest relationship between values and motivation. The implications of the findings for employee selection and motivation prediction in the tourism/hospitality industry are discussed.     

Budgetary control within the hotel industry

This paper is divided into two distinct parts and within these parts it follows the following lines of progression. The major division in the paper is between a look at the accepted theory that underpins any research in this area with comments on its likely effects on the organizations under scrutiny, and a look at the case studies that were constructed as a result of undertaking research into several hotel and leisure companies with the aim of gaining a representative cross-section of the industry and its budgetary control techniques.     

Personal perception and community speculation: A British resort in the 19th century

The paper presents a case history of the origin and early development of what later became a major UK seaside resort. Weston-super-Mare. Early developers were faced with considerable environmental difficulties, and by using a variety of contemporary documentary sources the paper considers how the problems were overcome within the context of both developers' and early visitors' perceptions, and of the regional market for tourism in the early nineteenth century. The reaction of the existing local community to development potential is also considered, and more general conclusions are reached on the nature of resort development in the nineteenth century.