苏南模式社会主义新农村社区参与旅游发展的态度研究——以江苏省常熟市蒋巷村为例

江苏省常熟市蒋巷村为典型的苏南模式乡村,集体经济发达,作为全国农业旅游示范点和社会主义新农村建设的典型,近年来乡村旅游迅速发展。从蒋巷村居民参与乡村旅游发展的态度着手,了解居民参与乡村旅游发展及其对旅游影响的感知差异。调查可知,蒋巷居民目前发展乡村旅游的经济、社会基础较好,积极性也较高,但缺乏政策引导和实践经验。在此基础上探讨苏南模式社会主义新农村社区参与乡村旅游发展的方式与内容,提出：可通过首批＂农家乐＂旅游示范户的建设及其示范效应充分调动农民开发＂农家乐＂旅游的积极性;加快旅游新项目建设,吸引村民参与相关工作;鼓励村民参与娱乐、交通、购物设施的建设。以期为同类型村镇的社区参与发展提供必要的理论参考和依据。     

Community participation in heritage tourism planning: is it too much to ask?

Considering the complications of collecting empirical data on community participation, this study proposes a new methodological approach that departs from the current literature. For the first time, an experimental procedure is adopted to conduct a direct comparison between participatory and non-participatory decision-making in the context of heritage tourism planning. Contrary to previous work, this is the first ex-ante assessment of community participation at a destination with no such prior experience. The analysis relies on behavioural data on choices, deliberation and conflict studied in the context of a controlled collaborative environment. The findings suggest that choices and deliberation between participatory and non-participatory groups exhibit no statistically significant differences although participatory groups were more susceptible to conflict. However, interestingly, conflict was constructive as it increased provisions for heritage goods. Furthermore, intra-group heterogeneity did not always affect collective decisions negatively whereas trust and institutional credibility played a major role in influencing both individual and collective preferences. These findings have important implications for research and policy, opening a novel avenue for the systematic study of participation dynamics to inform the instigation of participatory endeavours.     

CHILD CARE PRICES AND MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT: A META‐ANALYSIS

The literature estimates for labor force participation elasticity with regard to child care prices are extensive and varying. While some estimates imply substantial gains from child care subsidies, others find insignificant effects. To determine the causes of the variance, this paper reviews and analyzes the elasticity sizes using estimates from 36 peer‐reviewed articles and working papers in the literature. We start by reviewing the theoretical and empirical aspects related to participation elasticity with regard to child care costs, paying special attention to sample characteristics, methodological aspects, and macro level factors. We conclude by providing a meta‐regression using control variables based on our review of the literature to explain some of the differences between the estimates. As research builds on and improves the methods and assumptions in prior works, elasticity estimates have become smaller over time. This decline might also be partially explained by changes in labor market characteristics. In countries with high rates of part‐time work and very high or very low rates of female labor force participation, we find elasticity rates to be smaller.     

跨境电商对华商网络贸易的效应分析

在就跨境电商对华商网络贸易所具有的替代效应与互补效应进行理论分析的基础上,利用古诺模型分析市场均衡的结果及贸易效应,采用面板数据实证检验跨境电商对华商网络贸易的影响,结果表明跨境电商对华商网络贸易的互补效应大于替代效应：一方面,由于华商网络对出口贸易的影响尤为显著,而跨境电商平台又以出口贸易为主,从而跨境电商对华商网络出口贸易的影响较大;另一方面,跨境电商平台偏向于差异化产品贸易,因而跨境电商对差异化产品的华商网络贸易有着较大影响。也就是说,跨境电商对华商网络贸易的互补效应在出口贸易与差异化产品贸易上表现得尤为显著。     

Participation in Community Leisure Programs: Experiences and Perspectives of Children with Developmental Difficulties and Their Parents

Children with developmental disabilities participate in more solitary, sedentary, and home-based leisure activities than active physical pursuits or community-based activities. Clinical experience suggests that children with less well-recognized developmental difficulties also have compromised leisure experiences; however, this has not been fully investigated. This study engaged 20 school-age children with developmental difficulties in a community-based circus program, designed in collaboration with occupational therapists. The program included activities such as trampolining, trapeze, and acrobatics. Semi-structured interviews with children and parents explored children's leisure experiences both at circus and more broadly. Qualitative content analysis revealed that friendships, having fun, and being physically active were highly valued aspects of leisure. The coaching style and “just right” level of challenge within programs were identified as central to children's engagement and sense of competence. Participating in a supported leisure program such as circus appeared to promote children's engagement in community leisure, at least in the short term.     

Mega-events as drivers of community participation in developing countries: The case of Shanghai World Expo

Within a wide body of literature it has been argued and demonstrated that community participation in tourism development is advantageous in terms of the sustainability and effectiveness of the development policies adopted. However, over time, doubts have been raised about whether community participation should take place in developing countries. There are major concerns regarding the immaturity and the incompliance of the political and social conditions of developing countries in relation to the requirements necessary for an effective participatory planning. In this paper, we argue that mega-events, due to their wide scope and the key role that large groups of stakeholders play in their success, may represent a driver for community participation in developing countries. In order to explore our idea, we will analyse tourism development and the planning of a mega-event within the Yangtze River Delta area, driven by the organisation and preparation of the Shanghai World Expo. According to our evidence, some initial elements of participative decision-making have indeed developed around the organisation of this mega-event, even though China has historically been considered refractory towards community participation. Finally, we discuss the findings in the light of existing knowledge to elicit significant questions about community participation in tourism development within developing countries and to address further research on this topic.     

Community participation in World Heritage Site conservation and tourism development

This study investigates the factors contributing to community participation in a World Heritage Site (WHS) using Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability (MOA) model. We examined the effects of these factors on three levels of community participation. The findings showed that motivation had the greatest positive effect on the low level of community participation. Opportunity had the greatest effect on the high level of community participation. Among the dimensions of ability, namely awareness and knowledge, the findings showed that more aware residents were more interested in low level of community participation, whereas residents with more knowledge were more interested in high level of community participation. This study contributes to the tourism development and WHS conservation and management literature by examining the effects of MOA factors on three levels of community participation. Moreover, this study has a number of practical implications for local authorities in terms of community participation.     

生态补偿与缓解贫困关系的研究进展

基于生态补偿项目社会公平性考虑和项目实施的客观扶贫效果,有关贫困参与者的研究成为近年来国外生态补偿研究中普遍关注的议题。本研究从生态补偿对贫困的生态环境服务提供者、购买者和未参与者的影响等3个方面回顾并分析了国内外生态补偿与缓解贫困研究的阶段成果,由此提出了中国生态补偿项目设计和实施过程中亟需改善的问题。     

农民阶层政治参与权利贫困问题研究

导致农民阶层处于弱势地位的主要原因是经济贫困、能力贫困和权利贫困,其中最根本的原因是权利贫困．而农民阶层权利贫困主要是指政治参与权利的贫困。农民阶层在具体的政治参与活动中客观上处于与其他阶层不平等的地位,致使农民阶层在实际生活中远离了政治权力中心,在政府主导的利益分配体系和相关的公共政策中影响微弱．     

运用信息技术构建民众参与的乡镇治理机制研究——福建省晋江市L镇经验分析

通过对福建省晋江市L镇“L镇在线”局域网站对政务工作影响的叙述和分析,认为信息技术能有效地推进政务公开和基层民主,畅通沟通渠道,提高政府机关工作效率。乡镇局域网站构建了民众参与的乡镇治理新机制,这一机制的潜力还没有完全挖掘,未来还有很大的提升空间。