Life Course Perspective on Economic Shocks and Income Inequality Through Age-Period-Cohort Analysis: Evidence From Finland

Utilizing age-period-cohort analysis, this paper examines the development of income distribution across periodic economic fluctuations in relation to cohorts and age groups. The empirical analysis is based on the Finnish Income Distribution Statistics and Household Expenditure Surveys covering the period of 1966–2015. The findings suggest that the period and cohort effects can be identified as the main effects on relative income, while the age effects have no meaningful impact when the control variables are taken into account. This result reveals a connection between the effects of economic shocks and cohort placement on labor market entry. Additionally, absolute income analysis suggests that economic shocks create stagnation points in income development, which are especially detrimental to cohorts who are transitioning into labor markets. Additionally, middle-income attainment has not changed due to periodic shocks but rather is related to inter-cohort inequalities and relative income differences, where the baby boomer generation is a clear winner.     

Partial identification of distributional and quantile treatment effects in difference-in-differences models

In this paper, we supplement the identification results for the mean treatment effect for the treated in the difference-in-differences framework studied by Abadie (2005) by establishing partial identification results for the distribution and quantile of the counterfactual outcome and of the treatment effect for the treated. Unlike the mean treatment effect which is identifiable from either the panel or the repeated cross sectional data, we show that the distribution/quantile of either the counterfactual outcome or of the treatment effect is only partially identified and in general the identified interval is tighter with panel than with the repeated cross sectional data. We further illustrate this gain from the panel via a numerical example.     

收入、收入类别与环境库兹涅茨曲线

利用2000-2009年我国省际面板数据,对人均收入、收入类别与六种污染指标之间的关系进行了实证检验.结果表明:环境库兹涅茨倒U型关系取决于污染指标的选择,在样本期内,部分污染指标呈现出倒U型EKC关系;在倒U型曲线的转折点处,城镇人均可支配收入的临界水平高于农村人均纯收入的临界水平.     

新兴经济体FDI流入的决定因素及中国的应对策略

吸引FDI流入是新兴经济体促进经济发展的重要手段,但FDI活动深受东道国区位因素的广泛影响。利用1995-2009年的面板数据,对新兴经济体吸引FDI流入的决定因素进行实证分析,结果表明:FDI与东道国聚集效应、市场规模、基础设施、资源禀赋、经济开放度显著正相关,但与东道国人力资本和政治风险负相关。因此,中国应该强化FDI的区域聚集效应、行业聚集效应和特定投资来源地聚集效应,保持经济稳定、持续的增长,加大对落后地区的基础设施建设的投入,构建全方位的对外开放体系和引资战略,实现经济持续快速发展。     

Re-examining the economic determinants of alcohol consumption in Canada: controlling for the presence of common correlated effects

Alcoholic beverages represent both an important source of revenue and a driver of expenditure for provincial governments in Canada. As a result, the pricing of alcoholic beverages has substantial public policy implications. In this context, we re-examine existing work estimating the demand for three classes of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by controlling for common correlated effects. The results reveal that any conclusions regarding the government’s ability to influence alcohol consumption is sensitive to the assumption that the relationship between the demand for alcoholic beverages and economic variables is identical across provinces.     

威客活动水平的区域空间统计分析——从人力资本视角看区域经济发展失衡

探索了威客活动的地域分布特征,并将之与区域经济发展水平相联系,构建了区域经济发展研究的新视角。通过绘制分位地图,探索了威客活动可能存在的地域歧视,从需求和供给的角度分析了威客活动的地域分布情况。利用空间统计分析方法对比了GDP与威客数量的地域分布情况。研究结果表明:威客活动中不存在明显的地域歧视;威客活动的需求和供给分布较为一致;大多数省份的威客数量水平低于其经济发展水平;威客的地域分布不存在明显的集聚现象。整体而言,以威客平台为基础的网上劳动力市场的存在与发展,借助互联网在联系不同地域、消除地域差异上起到了重要作用。     

Carbon efficiency of US colleges and universities: a nonparametric assessment

Under the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC), institutes of higher education have pledged to pursue a goal of carbon neutrality. We utilize emissions reported under the ACUPCC agreement and a nonparametric data envelopment analysis approach in order to evaluate the relative performance of signatories to the agreement in terms of producing teaching and research with the least greenhouse gas emissions. We find that while many signatory institutions are now producing their desirable outputs relatively efficiently in terms of carbon emissions, there still exists considerable variation in efficiency and potential for improvement. Results of a second stage efficiency change analysis shows evidence of both movement towards the efficiency frontier since signing, and some movement of the frontier itself, though this evidence comes primarily from teaching-focused institutions.     

Financial components of FDI and choice of capital structure: an analysis for 30 OECD countries

Even though the choice of capital structure depends on the three different financial components of foreign direct investment (FDI), previous research has regarded FDI as unidimensional rather than multidimensional. This study addresses new findings in the FDI area and investigates the relevant determinants of capital structure in 30 OECD countries from 2006 to 2014 within the framework of a simultaneous equation model. Our primary findings reveal that each component has its own deterministic features driven by relevant policy variables and risks in the market. While an increase or decrease in equity capital shows the ability of the host country to attract new investments, the subsequent components are mostly used to adjust the equity capital investment exposure.     

Firm heterogeneity and immigrant wage assimilation

This article investigates the role of job mobility in immigrant wage assimilation. I use longitudinal linked employer–employee data for Portugal to estimate the immigrant wage catch-up in log wage regressions with both individual and firm fixed effects. I show that moving to firms with higher wage premiums accounts for approximately 30% of the immigrant wage catch-up in the first years.     

实证会计研究的有效性及其评价——兼评中国当前的实证会计研究

实证会计研究的目标在于更好地解释和预测会计实务，造就要求实证会计研究本身必须是有效的，唯有如此，才可能得出用以解释和预测会计实务的正确结论。要保证一项实证会计研究有效，必须同时满足两个条件：一是前提真实，二是推理正确。本文从逻辑学的角度，系统地分析了前提真实性的意义及其封中国实证会计研究有效性可能产生的影响。通过封实证会计研究的有效性及其评价进行研究，希望能封从事实证研究的国内学者提供参考，并封提高中国实证会计研究的整体水平有所帮助。