How household food shopping behaviors changed during COVID-19 lockdown period: Evidence from Beijing,China

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on food shopping behavior. However, changes in food shopping behavior and related decision-making mechanisms remain unexplored. This study conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey with 900 residents in three communities in Haidian, Beijing, China, to analyze food shopping behavior during the periods of pre-lockdown, lockdown (January–March 2020), and post-lockdown. Our results indicated that the preference for fresh food e-commerce shopping was accelerated by the lockdown with the usage rate increasing by 48%; the wet markets were seriously hit by the lockdown policy and had not fully recovered by the post-lockdown period (with a 75% reduction in the usage rate during lockdown). The psychological mechanisms of changes in food shopping behavior revealed that the context (e.g., community facilities) and the perceived risk of COVID-19 were two significant factors impacting the four shopping choices investigated. Specifically, the context factors affected behavior directly for supermarkets and convenience stores and indirectly for e-commerce and wet markets. The findings are expected to help in guiding emergency responses during a future pandemic as well as the long-term construction of food supply facilities.     

The importance of urban milieu in predicting recreation participation: The case of day hiking

Abstract

Numerous outdoor recreation forecasting studies have included household characteristics as well as aspects of the recreation facilities and accessibility. Only a few studies, however, have included in the prediction equation any measure of the effects of urban milieu on behavior. Four commonly cited surrogates of urban milieu are used to cluster the cities of Illinois into three relatively homogeneous groups of environments. Regression analyses are then undertaken using individual household data, aspects of the recreation facilities patronized by the households, participation, and distance and travel time estimates. Comparisons of the regression analyses indicate that, as a concept, milieu is an important predictor of both the volume of recreation participation and salient features of recreation facilities.     

Electricity awareness and consumer demand for information

With the envisioned growth in the residential electricity demand and increased share of intermittent renewables in the supply mix, consumers will need to be better informed about their electricity consumption and to play an active role in managing their electricity use. However, consumer inattention and lack of information are ubiquitous, especially in household energy‐related settings. Thus, using a novel survey and actual monthly electricity consumption data, this study set out to measure the level of awareness about electricity bills, prices and costs among some Finnish households—as captured by the answers to six questions—and to investigate whether higher levels of “electricity awareness” are associated with electricity savings. In addition, this study analyses the willingness to receive extra information about energy consumption and savings and how it differs between “electricity aware” and “electricity unaware” respondents. The results indicate low levels of “electricity awareness” among the respondents of the survey. Compared to the respondents with little knowledge about electricity bills, prices and costs, the respondents with higher levels of “electricity awareness” tend to consume less electricity. Higher levels of awareness about electricity use and consumption might “materialize” inconspicuous consumption patterns, as opposed to more general facts about the largely invisible environmental consequences of everyday practices. More than two‐thirds of the total number of respondents would like to receive additional information about energy consumption and how to save energy. However, there exists a significant portion of “electricity unaware” respondents who are not only unwilling to receive such information, but are also unaware of their own knowledge deficits. To maximize the impact of any information strategy, decision makers should attempt to engage with this type of consumer; by becoming more aware of their knowledge deficits, people might become more receptive to information that can benefit them.     

居民家庭服务消费的特征、制约因素与发展趋势分析

改革开放20多年来,中国经济持续的高速增长,使居民收入水平不断提高,并由此带来了居民消费结构的深刻变化。如今城市居民消费构成中服务消费所占的比例已经超过了37%,一些大城市中这一比例可能会更高。为此,研究居民服务消费的特征和发展趋势,对于促进相关服务业的发展,提升产业结构,以及促进就业都有着重要的意义。     

宏观税收政策与居民消费水平新探

宏观税率直接关系到社会的宏观经济政策和社会的整体经济运行,也关系到居民的日常消费与投资行为。基于经典的宏观经济分析理论,从宏观经济协调发展平衡系统出发,从理论上借助于税收收入的科学计算模型,得出有关动态均衡经济系统的最优税率的一个比较优良的估值模型。该结果表明宏观税率的确定主要决定于社会经济发展的水平和政府支出的规模,取决于社会固定资本存量的规模,而与居民消费水平没有直接的因果关系,从而为宏观税收政策的制定与优化提供一个切实的理论模型。     

FDI与我国城乡居民收入差距之间是否存在倒U形关系

本文以我国大陆1997-2006年期间的分省面板数据作为研究样本,以库兹涅茨基本模型为基础,实证分析了外商直接投资等因素对我国城乡居民收入差距的具体影响。基于面板数据的固定效应模型估计结果表明,库兹涅茨基本模型中所提到的人均GDP与城乡居民收入差距之间的倒U形关系仍显著存在。不仅如此,外商直接投资与城乡居民收入差距之间也存在着显著的倒U形关系,并且我国现阶段正位于该曲线的左半部区间。因此,如果外资利用结构等方面继续保持不变,那么在未来的很长一段时期内,我国FDI依存度的上升都会进一步恶化我国城乡居民收入差距。     

Analysis of LPG,electric and induction cookers during cooking typical Ecuadorian dishes into the national efficient cooking program

This research aims to analyze cooking parameters in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), electric resistance and induction stoves for eight dishes of the Ecuadorian cuisine. During tests, it has been monitored the temperature, time, electrical grid parameters, concentrations of CO and CO₂. In addition it has been studied the microbiological and physiochemical changes produced by the thermal treatment in food and a discriminative triangular test for determining the differences in the consumers perception between samples made with induction and LPG based stoves. The results showed which even with an exhaust hood working, there was still a significant value of concentration of CO and CO₂ during cooking with a LPG stoves. As a result of these analyses the induction stove shows a better response during the heating process and energy efficiency which have influence in temperatures, taste, vitamin preservation, cooking times, energy consumption and cost to the user.     

乡村建设用地资本化的金融机制与支持政策

研究目的：在马克思社会再生产理论的视域下,构建并基于土地资本化总过程的一般金融模型,探索乡村建设用地资本化相较于城市土地的特殊金融机制与支持政策。研究方法：叙事探究、比较分析法。研究结果：土地资本化本质上是土地加入社会再生产取得实体资产和金融资本二重存在性的过程,城乡建设用地资本化的金融机制在实体资产流通性、土地增值驱动因素和实体资产向金融资本转化路径等重要节点上存在显著不同。研究结论：结合乡村精明收缩理念,提出乡村建设用地资本化要走一条有别于城市土地的以政策性金融为主导、包容性金融为基础、绿色金融为方向的金融支持政策创新路径。     

农村宅基地退出机制建立探讨

研究目的：探讨农村宅基地退出机制的建立。研究方法：综合分析法与文献资料法。研究结果：农村宅基地退出机制的缺失是导致目前中国农村宅基地利用存在问题的根本原因,建立以激励机制和约束机制为核心的宅基地退出机制是改革和完善农村宅基地使用管理制度的重要方面。研究结论：农村宅基地退出机制的建立应以保障农户对宅基地的合法权益、不增加合法占用宅基地农户的经济负担为基本前提,重点是建立农村宅基地收回补偿制度、健全多元化的农村住房保障体系、实施农村宅基地有偿使用制度和健全农村宅基地整理、置换、复垦机制。     

传统农业生产区农村居民点扩张动因分析——基于山东省平度市的农村调查分析

研究目的:探寻在中国城市化进程中农村人口规模逐渐下降,农村居民点总规模却呈现扩张态势的原因。研究方法:案例分析法,统计分析法。研究结果:农户规模及数量、农村公共基础设施、人口变动、人均农地变动等对农村居民点规模有显著影响;农民土地产权观、宅基地制度不完善是导致一户多宅、土地闲置的重要原因。研究结论:在科学规划引导下,通过建立退出补偿机制、市场调节机制、开发激励机制,促进农村宅基地合理有效利用。