The relevance of the tangible and intangible social impacts of tourism on selected South African communities

Most tourism social impact studies emphasise tangible social impacts such as economic improvement. In developing countries such as South Africa, a small percentage of tangible benefits filter down to community level. This creates a problem as various studies revealed the importance of community support for the sustainability of the tourism industry. Therefore it was important to explore the role of both the tangible and the intangible social impacts of tourism. Communities with established tourism industries (Clarens, Soweto and Jeffreys Bay) formed part of the quantitative research. Through exploratory factor analyses, 31 social impact statements could be categorised into four tangible and two intangible impacts. The tangible factor Economic improvement obtained a low rating, meaning that it was not directly experienced by residents, while the intangible factor Community pride and upliftment obtained the highest rating among all factors. This, together with the fact that community members continue their support for the tourism industry, is a novel find, indicating the significant role of intangible social impacts in fostering community support. This finding shows the importance of incorporating intangible social impacts into tourism planning in developing countries. Contributions are made towards social impact research methodology and literature.     

河南省农村居民幸福度调查研究

居民幸福度是我国构建和谐社会的一个重要内容。河南省是我国中部地区一个欠发达省份,通过对河南省农村居民调查、数理统计分析、建立幸福度评价模型等发现,经济问题仍是河南省农村居民幸福度提升的基础;影响河南省农村居民幸福度的因素已向多元化方向发展;健康问题已成为影响农村居民幸福度的重要因素;老人及离异、伤偶或独居的人的幸福度最低。     

宁波中小企业融资模式与对策思考

宁波中小企业具有集群化、块状化、市场化以及劳动密集等特点,提供的就业岗位占全市从业人员总量的70%以上,针对中小企业融资难的问题,近年宁波创新了城乡小额贷款保证保险、银企合作、银行专营服务、金融租赁、融资洽谈会等六种融资模式,今后解决融资难问题,关键是抓好善用民间资金、善用征信体系、善于科技创新、善于提升管理、善于金融创新。     

Fiscal financing and the efficacy of fiscal policy in Korea: An empirical assessment with comparison to the U.S. evidence

This paper aims to assess the empirical implications of fiscal financing in Korea and study how they differ from those of the U.S. We estimate two versions of the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model—a small open economy (SOE) model for Korea and its closed economy counterpart for the U.S.—in which the former nests the latter as a special case. The fiscal policy specification posits that government spending, lump-sum transfers, and distortionary taxation on labor income, capital income and consumption expenditures respond to the level of government debt and the state of economic activity. Analysis of the data from 2000 to 2015 shows that distortionary capital taxes play a critical role in stabilizing government debt in the U.S., whereas non-distorting fiscal instruments are the primary means of fiscal adjustment in Korea. Regarding the magnitude of debt-financed fiscal stimuli, the substantial trade openness of Korea is significant in that it produces relatively smaller government spending and transfer multipliers compared to the U.S.     

Impact of Trade Credit on Firm Inventory Investment During Financial Crises: Evidence from Latin America

This paper studies whether trade credit is used as a substitute for bank credit in crisis periods in Latin America. The sample is composed of firms listed on the Argentine, Brazilian, and Mexican stock exchanges from 1994 to 2009. For the small firms, the substitution hypothesis was not rejected. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed homogeneously for all the firms during the crises. Unlike Brazilian and Argentine firms, Mexican firms use more cash reserves than trade credit. The big firms tend to use other financing sources. A pattern of trade credit use by sector has not yet been found.     

货币供应量统计口径演变历程及其影响

文章在介绍货币供应量统计口径调整的基本原则并回顾其在我国经历的三次调整及其原因的基础上，详细分析了目前货币供应量统计指标的组成部分及其中需注意的问题，说明了目前尚未计入M2的货币相关成分。最后，文章分析了货币供应量统计口径可能的调整对我国宏观调控和金融市场发展等方面的影响。     

事业单位会计如何做好基建财务工作

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,我国经济实力不断增强,相关事业单位的基建项目也日渐增多,使基建会计所处的客观经济环境发生了很大变化,对基建会计工作的要求也越来越高。由于对相关制度的学习检查不够以及会计人员自身素质等原因,一些基本建设单位存在会计核算不规范、财务管理不到位、监督职能未发挥等问题。     

互助担保基金的创新模式——ESMGF模式、运作机制

中小企业的不断发展,使其对资金的需求也越来越大,仅凭自身积累已远远不能解决问题。然而,由于中小企业自身及金融系统等多方面的原因,融资难的问题日益显现,成为阻碍中小企业发展的主要因素。为解决上述问题,设计了一种以产业集群为单位,由地方政府、协作银行、集群中小企业三方共同出资,共同承担风险,联合再担保机构的互助担保基金创新模式——嵌入再担保的互助担保基金(Embedded Se-curity Mutual Guaranteed Fund,ESMGF)。     

融资理论的实践效应及其验证——基于中国上市公司的数据分析

融资理论是企业制订融资政策的理论基础.不同的融资理论及管理思想将会导致企业采用不同的资金管理策略与政策.因此,融资理论及其实践效应又是预测企业资金管理政策的重要参数.本文以中国上市公司为基础,重点探讨优序融资理论和权衡融资理论在中国企业管理实践中的应用情况.研究表明,这两种理论在中国企业管理实践中都得到了不同程度的应用,但是比较而言,优序融资理论的受支持程度要高于权衡理论的受支持程度.     

中国城乡社会救助项目绩效评价研究——基于筹资水平的横向公平性分析

近30年来,我国社会经济体制逐步转型,新贫困群体出现。我国政府在20世纪90年代后对原有社会安全网框架进行了修补,建立起一套常规性社会救助项目,其绩效备受关注。横向公平性指标集中体现了社会救助的公平价值取向,超越了以往的经验型研究,是社会政策评估的新范式。文章以横向公平性为标准,以2003～2005年民政及各省统计年鉴数据为经验材料,对我国城乡社会安全网项目筹资水平的绩效做出评估,并为我国社会安全网项目的进一步发展提供经验证据。