The efficiency of social public expenditure in European countries: a two-stage analysis

Do European countries differ in the efficiency of their welfare policies? And which factors can account for such variability? To address these questions, we perform a two-stage efficiency analysis. First, based on a composite output indicator for social protection expenditure, we measure efficiency by means of the Free Disposable Hull and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. Second, we perform an econometric analysis to identify the factors that can be associated to cross-country differences. We find that countries scoring higher efficiency have higher education and GDP levels, a smaller population size, a lower degree of selectivity of their welfare systems and a lower corruption level.     

RV Traveler’s Pull Factors to Campgrounds in Leisure Tourism

The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying structures of RV traveler’s pull factors to campgrounds and confirm the results by using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with multiple data sets. The results identified the following five dimensions of the campground traveler’s key attributes: Activity, Amenity, Essentials, Price, and Store. The “Essentials” factor had a grand mean of 4.47, which was the highest among the five factors. Therefore, campground owners and managers should pay extra attention to maintaining a high quality on those essential attributes first, before considering adding or promoting any other items.     

高校课堂教学中知识转移影响因素及过程分析

知识转移是近年来企业创新研究的方向之一,课堂教学也是一种知识转移的过程,运用知识转移相关理论对高校课堂教学提高教学效果具有参考意义,教师、学生、转移的知识、教师与学生的距离对提高知识转移的效果、促进教学相长具有重要影响。     

服务型社会的服务外包合作实证研究

通过12个服务外包示范城市面板数据GC检验和虚拟变量半对数面板数据模型,从供给角度研究中间需求与技术进步对服务外包合作的影响.研究结果证明：在服务型社会中,价值链整合能力与服务外包合作之间相互影响;一国政策制度开放程度高会直接对服务外包合作产生正面影响;一国信息技术发展水平高、基础设施完善直接对服务外包合作产生推动作用;一国区域资源禀赋越丰富,进行服务外包合作的可能性越强.     

小城镇建设评价指标体系的研究

为促进城市体系的健康协调发展 ,正确评价小城镇建设各因素重要性次序 ,确定出小城镇发展的重点是十分必要的。本文研究了小城镇的评价指标 ,并采用AHP和模糊数学相结合的方法 ,实证分析了黑龙江省宾州镇的建设指标。     

生生关系视域下的大学英语教学i．

生生关系对于语言教学活动的成功与否起着关键性作用，大学英语教师应该从重视学生个体在班级人际关系中的地位做起，引导发展课堂内合作与竞争的健康人际关系，最终形成良好的班级凝聚力，从而顺利完成大学英语教学任务。     

Monetary policy for small emerging market economies: the way forward

Discretionary monetary policy for small emerging market economies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, can benefit from closer scrutiny and strengthening through appropriate and incremental policies. Field research and related analysis challenge the conventional wisdom on the relationship between interest rates and inflation. Lessons learned suggest that monetary policy needs to be tempered to prevailing social, cultural, and socio-economic factors. In addition, access to credit through financial inclusion policies and programmes needs to be addressed, and the overarching role of good governance cannot be overlooked. Given the broad scope of weaknesses inherent in monetary policy-making (and the systems that support it) in small emerging market economies such as Botswana's, two options are available to tackle the problems: either monetary union should be adopted or incremental new directions to the status quo are required.     

绩效考核政治行为多层影响因素研究

绩效考核政治在组织中广泛存在,识别不同类型绩效考核政治的成因对于采取趋利避害的管控策略具有重要意义,需构建绩效考核政治成因框架。实证分析表明:利己主义、互惠规范和情境控制是理解评价者绩效考核政治行为的重要视角,参与者方面的被考核者特征和评价者特征以及情境方面的评价体系特征和组织特征对不同类型的绩效考核政治行为会产生差异性影响。组织可以从科学选拔主管、做好主管的绩效考核工作、优化考核体系、合理分配考核权力以及塑造组织伦理氛围等方面,采取有效措施管控评价者负面的绩效考核政治行为。     

元代农书中农作物名物词的同实异名现象

农业词语的发展具有一定的阶段性和较强的传承性,经历了新词产生、旧词消亡和新旧词共存的过程,在这个发展过程中,农作物名物词形成了同实异名现象。这种现象的产生,既是多种语言因素共同作用的结果,又体现着人们的认知水平,语言在时空、雅俗上的差异变化以及与社会环境的关系等因素。     

高校思政课教师情感因素的教学导向分析

思想政治理论课作为思想政治教育的主要方式,针对教师的情感因素直接影响思想政治教育目标的实现,分析了高校思政课教师情感因素的构成,并对高校思政课教师情感因素的教学导向进行了深入的探讨。