Growth factors of store brands in different store formats in Italy

Since the beginning of the consumer crisis, which in Italy can be traced back to the second half of 2008, there has been a significant development of store brands? market share which has reached close to 25% in some leader groups (for example Coop, Conad, Esselunga). The acceleration of the rate of penetration of store brands differs by category and store format. The main reason for this result is the different consumer purchase behavior. In this framework, this work aims at analyzing the elements that have determined the store brands success in the main store format (hypermarket, supermarket, convenience store), through analysis of single retail mix levers management. The factors that have mostly influenced the growth in store brands, in each store format, are investigated throughout a complete informative retail database. The aim of this study is to verify whether the management of the individual retail mix levers produces the same results in different store formats. Additional enhancement to the understanding of store brands management and further support to modern distribution management policies are also provided. A relevant finding is that the performance of store formats depends on the use of specific retail mix levers.     

中国零售业存在的问题及其政策选择

中国零售业存在着诸多问题,如过度竞争,业态结构不合理,业态区域结构失衡及过度开放等。为进一步优化零售产业的组织结构,中国应制定反垄断政策,加大力度实行零售业进入管制政策,制定零售业并购、联合的政策。制定零售业国际化经营政策,鼓励开拓农村市场等。     

零售品牌形象构成要素实证研究

良好的品牌形象可以降低消费者购物过程中感知的风险,从而提高其满意度和忠诚度,作为一种独特的竞争优势,它又可以使企业获得强大的品牌资产,并为品牌延伸提供了依据.笔者试图通过问卷调查,从消费者的视角识别出零售品牌形象的主要构成要素.研究发现,零售品牌形象是一个多维的概念,它主要由31个指标构成并可以划分为7个纬度.与国际零售品牌相比,本土零售品牌的名称更容易为消费者记忆与传播,消费者对本土零售品牌名称的认知明显高于国际零售品牌.     

Category management and consumer choice

This paper shows the results of an exploratory analysis of the structure of a complex product category: Wine. In complex categories, a usual strategy of consumers is the partitioning of alternatives into homogeneous subsets and the sequential eliminations of subsets until a product/brand is chosen from among few homogeneous alternatives in the last subset. To identify if there is such a kind of strategy and the product attributes involved is of great interest for the retailer. After a discussion of the different modelling alternatives of the choice process, the authors provide an application of the additive trees (ADDTREE) model to explore the hierarchical structure. The ADDTREE results provide a first overview of the competitive market structure of the wine category: competition becomes more intense as the wine category is partitioned by, first, the type of wine criteria and, second, the designation of origin (DO) criteria.     

关于美国高速铁路规划、铁路公司运营模式和分工合作的考察报告

通过走访美国西北大学交通研究中心、BNSF铁路公司、专业铁路解编组服务公司BeltLine Company、芝加哥城际及城市轨道交通、UPS芝加哥集散中心、世行铁路专家David Burns先生等,对美国高铁规划、铁路公司运营模式、铁路运输企业之间的专业化分工、零售铁路公司发展等进行调研,认为美国铁路发展对我国有重要的借鉴意义。     

连锁零售企业人力资源管理困境探析——以浙江为例

近年来在我国沿海地区,连锁零售企业在快速发展的同时正遭遇越来越多的问题,其中最突出的问题存在于人力资源管理方面,如人力资源短缺与流失严重,人力成本增长过快等等。只有认真分析人力资源管理面临的问题并予以破解,连锁零售企业才可能克服发展的瓶颈,重新获得快速的增长。     

shopper taxonomy for retail strategy development

Segmentation of shoppers has been explored by many academic researchers and business practitioners seeking to understand shopping behaviour or to develop marketing strategies for particular customer groups. Market segmentation holds the key to successful marketing strategy as it encourages understanding of the key variables that differentiate specific segments.

The shopper taxonomy determined through this study is based on a set of variables that is relevant and appropriate for shopper segmentation and reflects the key aspects important to shoppers in motivating shopping behaviour towards a specific retail location. This taxonomy extends the proposed motivational taxonomy of Westbrook and Black (1985), derived from Tauber's (1972) earlier research. Westbrook and Black defined this taxonomy through shopping motives, and identified categories of product-oriented, experiential and a combination of product and experiential shoppers. Their research findings, however, pointed to a six-cluster typology, defining department stone shopping around seven motivations aligned with evaluating options and acquiring the products, engaging in the sales process and gaining stimulation and affiliation through the retail environment.

The “apathetic”, “shopping-processed involved” and “choice optimisation” shopper segments described by Westbrook and Black align with the “have to” “experiential” and “practical” “segments found in this study in terms of their focus on the shopping activity itself and the affiliation and stimulation motives associated with the shopping activity. Other associations between shopper segments across the two studies are less clear, and may be explained through the differing purposes for which the studies were undertaken and resulting variation in the measures used to define the motivational constructs.     

New Cultures,New Strategies,New Formats and New Relationships in European Retailing

Abstract

During the last fifteen years there has been a substantial restructuring of retailing in Europe. The implications of this reach beyond Europe. The restructuring involves not only competitive relationships amongst retailers but also involves new forms of relationships with suppliers. A new perspective of the role of retailing is emerging that places retailing in a global framework of international store operations, international sourcing of products, international flows of management and managerial know-how, and international awareness by consumers of the retailers who are becoming international brands. The aim of this paper is to place the restructuring in context, to consider the nature of it and to explore how the new global framework will begin to have effects for distribution industries in Asia.     

Technologies of Translocality: Vegetables,Meat and Dresses in Arab Muslim Detroit

The diversification of US suburbs in terms of race, ethnicity and immigration has created invaluable opportunities for scholars to study technologies of translocality‐in‐the‐making. Translocal landscapes are described as spaces of ‘here' studded with ‘parts of elsewhere' (Allen and Cochrane, 2007 )—but which pieces of the landscape count as meaningfully ‘of elsewhere', how do those parts get there, and what range of meanings can they signify? This article is based on qualitative, in‐depth interviews and explores these questions in the context of an Arab Muslim ethnic enclave and retail district in an inner‐ring suburb of Detroit. The findings indicate that ‘parts of elsewhere' are more internally pluralized, multifunctional, multidirectional and aesthetically diverse than commonly recognized. The implications of these findings challenge scholars to develop more robust frameworks to explain how translocal geographies are produced, why they matter, and how they can be recognized.     

Potential of the Internet as a Retailing Channel in South Africa

Abstract

This study examines the factors affecting retailers perceptions of the Internet as a potential retail channel. It examines the environmental factors as well as the organizational factors impacting on the potential of Internet retailing. Results are reported from 102 South African retailing chain organizations across all categories. The authors discuss the results and provide some guiding points for retailers who intend to use the Internet as a retailing channel in the future.