Predicting credit card fraud with Sarbanes‐Oxley assessments and Fama‐French risk factors

This research developed and tested machine learning models to predict significant credit card fraud in corporate systems using Sarbanes‐Oxley (SOX) reports, news reports of breaches and Fama‐French risk factors (FF). Exploratory analysis found that SOX information predicted several types of security breaches, with the strongest performance in predicting credit card fraud. A systematic tuning of hyperparamters for a suite of machine learning models, starting with a random forest, an extremely‐randomized forest, a random grid of gradient boosting machines (GBMs), a random grid of deep neural nets, a fixed grid of general linear models where assembled into two trained stacked ensemble models optimized for F1 performance; an ensemble that contained all the models, and an ensemble containing just the best performing model from each algorithm class. Tuned GBMs performed best under all conditions. Without FF, models yielded an AUC of 99.3% and closeness of the training and validation matrices confirm that the model is robust. The most important predictors were firm specific, as would be expected, since control weaknesses vary at the firm level. Audit firm fees were the most important non‐firm‐specific predictors. Adding FF to the model rendered perfect prediction (100%) in the trained confusion matrix and AUC of 99.8%. The most important predictors of credit card fraud were the FF coefficient for the High book‐to‐market ratio Minus Low factor. The second most influential variable was the year of reporting, and third most important was the Fama‐French 3‐factor model R² – together these described most of the variance in credit card fraud occurrence. In all cases the four major SOX specific opinions rendered by auditors and the signed SOX report had little predictive influence.     

外部监督、股权激励与股权代理成本

基于股权代理成本角度,采用2010年中国沪深两市发行A股的非金融类上市公司截面数据,并运用最小二乘法和logistic二元逻辑回归模型,研究了外部监督、股权激励与股权代理成本之间的关系。研究发现,股权代理成本高的公司更加倾向于寻求有效的外部监督,聘请高质量的会计师事务所;股权激励并不能起到完善公司内部治理机制的作用,反而会提高股权代理成本;股权激励会提高公司对外部审计质量的要求。     

农村基础设施建设项目绩效审计评价指标体系的构建

农村基础设施建设项目绩效审计是促进各级政府部门和有关单位更好地履行职责,确保建设项目的合规性和效益性的重要手段。为了使农村基础设施建设项目绩效审计评价结果的科学和准确,应构建农村基础设施建设项目投入和使用资金绩效审计评价指标体系、农村基础设施建设项目管理绩效审计评价指标体系、农村基础设施建设项目投产后绩效审计评价指标体系。在构建上述体系的过程中,应遵循系统性原则、相关性原则、可操作性原则。     

基于电子取证技术的持续审计模型研究

缺乏系统的持续审计模型构造方法已成为制约当前计算机审计发展的瓶颈。在此背景下,以持续审计的工作原理为基础,本文提出一种基于电子取证技术的持续审计模型构造方法,它可以使持续审计更具有实时性和连续性。该模型通过实时监控异常行为的发生,一方面可以进行实时取证,对异常行为做详细记录,另一方面可以触发响应策略对不同强度的异常行为实施相应的响应。     

浅谈企业内部审计风险及其防范

内部审计是一项独立、客观的保证工作与咨询活动,目的是为组织增加价值并提高组织的运作效率。随着企业规模的扩大和业务活动繁杂,内部审计人员既要揭示会计准则遵循状况又“揭错查弊”,这意味着审计责任范围的逐渐扩大,同时也意味着内部审计风险的扩大,如何防范内部审计风险？本文分析了内部审计风险形成的客观、主观原因,提出了内部审计风险的防范对策。     

基于历史唯物主义的审计本质再认识

历史唯物主义是分析问题、解决问题的强大工具。运用历史唯物主义观点，澄清理论界对审计本质的误解，建立审计本质的评判标准，依据评判标准对现有研究进行评析，并给出审计本质的全新解释。     

高校推进计算机审计的几点思考

随着信息技术的飞速发展,在高校推进计算机审计既是审计对象信息化建设的客观要求,同时也是高校内部审计转型的需要,以及拓宽审计范围、提高审计效率的有效手段。文章分析和论证了计算机审计在高校内部审计中运用的必要性以及面临的问题,提出了循序渐进地在高校推进计算机审计的对策。     

试论公司内部审计的运作模式

内部审计在公司的日常运作中,越来越发挥出显著作用。本文系统地分析了内部审计的发展历程、内部审计的目的和建立内部审计体系的操作要点。