交通因素对黄土丘陵沟壑区空心村变迁的影响分析

[目的]空心村的形成和发展受到众多因素的影响,包括经济因素、自然因素、社会因素、户籍和社保制度,以及管理和规划因素等。由于我国的自然地理和区域发展差异悬殊,不同地形区空心村发展的主要影响因素各不相同。文章探究在复杂地形条件下,交通因素对丘陵沟壑区空心村的产生和发展所产生的影响。[方法]以陕西省澄城县为例,通过实地调查、走访农户、搜集资料等方法,利用交通便利指数、交通距离指数等开展分析,综合考虑了道路崎岖程度、道路质量状况以及经济发展水平等,对研究区的农村空心化现象进行了研究。[结果]崎岖的道路极大地增加了居民的出行成本和时间,不利于农村的基础设施建设和发展;在当前的社会经济条件下,黄土丘陵沟壑区农村的交通便利程度与村庄空心化程度呈现一定的负相关性,即交通条件越好,村庄的空心化程度越低。[结论]在黄土丘陵沟壑区开展空心村整治工程时,可以优先考虑交通条件较差、相对偏远的地区。     

Hazard rate,stochastic choice and consideration sets

Manzini and Mariotti (2014) define the menu-independent random consideration set rule, where the decision maker considers each alternative with a menu-independent probability known as the attention function. We relax the assumption of menu-independence and allow for any restriction to be imposed on the attention function. We show that there is an equivalence between the attention function and the hazard rate. This equivalence is used to characterize the menu dependent random consideration set rules that correspond to (i) specific conditions on the probability rule, and (ii) different stochastic choice models from the literature.     

Profiling the Fuzzy Latent Structure of Multidimensional Poverty: Toward Valuable Insights for Poverty Policymakers

Abstract

Several multidimensional poverty indices have been proposed, and have been extensively studied in the literature. On the other hand, the need for aggregation of poverty indicators into one multidimensional index has been questioned. It has been argued even so that this aggregation can be misleading for political targeting strategies. Subsequently, some researchers have advocated that the use of the latent class analysis would address these issues. However, this setting does not allow to take into account the fuzzy nature of the latent poverty concept. The contribution here is to use the Grade-of-Membership (GoM) model to profile the fuzzy latent structure of multidimensional poverty, for a more realistic handling of this phenomenon. The application of the GoM methodology to multivariate poverty data for the Tunisian case reveals four most prevalent multidimensional poverty profiles. The results emphasize the role played by contextual effects. Indeed, the rural cluster is suffering more intense deprivation and groups in the central and coastal regions have a more comfortable status in comparison with the group of households residing in inland regions. A thorough analysis of these patterns is put forward in this research, giving valuable insights to policy makers.     

Aircraft selection by applying AHP and TOPSIS in interval type-2 fuzzy sets

The selection of the appropriate aircraft can bring competitive advantages to airlines, however, there are a number of factors which introduce a degree of uncertainty to the selection process. By removing this uncertainty, airlines can increase their chances of achieving their long-term goals. New Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods provide decision-makers with a satisfactory solution for choosing suitable aircraft. Therefore, we focused on the multi-dimensional evaluation and selection of the most suitable commercial aircraft alternatives by using new MCDM method. This article provides decision support to airline planners on the selection of commercial aircraft under uncertainty. In the study, unlike other studies in the literature on aircraft selection, the model presented here uses an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Analytical Hierarch Process (IT2FAHP) and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (IT2FTOPSIS) hybrid methods. The proposed model for aircraft selection allows commercial airlines to evaluate the aircraft in terms of specific criteria: economic performance, technical performance, and environmental impact, and, as a result, it helps decision makers select appropriate aircraft in an uncertain environment. In addition to use by commercial airlines, the methods in the study can also be applied to the selection of training aircraft, cargo aircraft and military aircraft. Our findings show that the Airbus A321neo is the most suitable commercial aircraft in terms of technical aspects, economic aspects and environmental aspects for airlines.     

重型瓦楞包装在发动机出口CKD项目中的应用

传统发动机出口包装大多采用一次性木质包装,不环保、成本高且取用不便。以出口发动机CKD项目为例,基于绿色包装理念,选用重型瓦楞包装,以纸代木,对发动机重新进行集合包装设计,满足CKD零件的包装防护需求的同时,也实现了绿色环保和降本增效的双重目标。     

New membership function for poverty measure

Fuzziness in a fuzzy set is determined by its membership function (m.f) which translates the reality of a problem. Accordingly, the shapes of membership functions (m.fs) are important for a particular problem such as poverty since they effect on a fuzzy inference system. Some authors have used to visualize the behaviour of poverty, different shapes like triangular, trapezoidal. In this paper, a specific (m.f), named modified logistic membership function better illustrating the complicated reality, is proposed to measure poverty. The modified logistic membership function is first formulated for several states of poverty and its flexibility in taking up vagueness in poverty is established by an analytical approach using aggregate operators in order to infer a logical conclusion measuring poverty. An application based on individual well-being data from Tunisian households in 2010 is presented to illustrate use of proposed concepts.     

通航企业经营绩效提升的组态路径研究

随着相关政策的出台，通用航空企业的经营绩效和发展状况越来越受到关注。对2017-2019年21家通航上市企业的经济增加值（EVA）进行分析，发现我国通航企业经营绩效水平普遍较低，有必要深入研究提升通航企业经营绩效的有效路径。并以2019年的通航企业为样本，运用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA），选取人力资本、股权集中度、研发投入、激励机制四个主要影响因素，探究影响因素的协同作用对经营绩效的影响，得到四条提升通航企业经营绩效的组态路径。     

未确知数减法运算的推广

本文是文献[1]定义的未确知数减法运算的推广,且给出了一个新的定义方式.     

统一企业所得税法的重大意义及其影响

本文主要分析了内外资企业所得税制统一的意义、内容及影响。认为这是我国税制改革的一项重大举措,也是宏观经济政策的一项重大调整,必将对我国国民经济和社会发展产生重要而深远的影响。     

Defining personalized concepts for XBRL using iPAD‐drawn fuzzy sets

An efficient and effective analysis of business data requires a better understanding of what the data represents, and to what degree. A human‐like way of accomplishing that without being too detailed yet learning more about data content is to summarize and map the data into concepts familiar to a person performing analysis. Processes of summarization help identify the most essential facts that are embedded in the data. All this is of significant importance for analysis of large amounts of business data required to make good and sound financial decisions. There are two aspects enabling more comprehensive yet easier processing of data: a standardized representation format of financial data; and a human‐friendly way of defining concepts and using them for building personalized models representing processing data. The first of the aspects has been addressed by the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)—a standardized format of defining, representing and exchanging corporate and financial information. The second aspect is related to providing individuals with the ability to gain understanding of data content via determining a degree of truth of statements summarizing data based on their own perception of concepts they are looking for. In this paper, we introduce a tablet application—Tablet‐based input of Fuzzy Sets (TiFS)—and demonstrate its usefulness for entering personalized definitions of concepts and terms that enable a quick analysis of financial data. Such analysis means utilization of soft queries and operations of aggregation that extract and summarize the data and present it in a form familiar to analysts. The application allows for defining concepts and terms with ‘finger‐made’ drawings representing a person's perception of concepts. Further, these definitions are used to build summarization statements for exploring XBRL data. They are equipped with ‘drawn’ definitions of linguistic terms (e.g. LARGE, SMALL, FAST) and linguistic quantifiers (e.g. ALL, MOSTLY), and enable summarization of data content from the perspective of a user's interests. The ‘drawn’ linguistic terms and quantifiers represent membership functions of fuzzy sets. Utilization of fuzzy sets allows for performing operations of data summarization in a human‐like way. The application of TiFS illustrates ease of inputting personalized definitions of concepts and their influence on the interpretation of data. This introduces aspects of personalization and adaptation of artificial intelligence systems to perceptions and views of individuals. The proposed application is used to perform a basic analysis of an XBRL document.