“后报复”阶段的规则研究与多哈DSU改革方案——以US/Canada-Continued Suspension案为例

DSU规定了实施报复的条件和程序,但对报复实施后的监督和终止却疏于规范。US/Canada–Continued Suspension呈现了"后报复"阶段的各种问题。上诉机构报告对终止报复的条件、解决后报复执行异议的适当程序、有权且负有义务启动程序的争端方等的裁决和诠释,对完善WTO裁决执行机制具有正面的体制性意义,但也因突破了DSU案文和忽视进行中的DSU谈判,被指责为超越权限的造法。多哈回合DSU谈判对"后报复"问题形成的两种改革方案均未全然接受上诉机构报告的结论,而是各自采纳了互不相同的逻辑和解决思路。     

浅析福建省新一轮林改的必要性与优势条件——福建省新一轮林改研究之一

分析了福建省开展新一轮林改的必要性,认为从2003年开始的新一轮林改是充分发挥集体林区林地潜力的需要,是进一步深化前期林权改革的需要,是新农村建设和现代林业发展的需要;并指出了福建省开展新一轮林改的优势条件,包括福建省在发展林业生产方面所具有的得天独厚的条件和建林业在全国林业中的重要地位,以及福建省在此前开展的历次集体林权制度改革中的先行地位和重要作用等。     

福建省新一轮林改的引导与示范效用分析——集体林权改革研究之三

作为全国首个开展新一轮林改的试点省份,福建省在改革中所采取的一系列措施及其所取得的成效,对于其他拟开展或正开展林改的省份而言都具有重要的引导和示范效用。主要包括:林地使用费的收取和使用办法、林权抵押贷款的做法、生态公益林管护机制和多渠道筹资的做法,以及林改在增加林农收入和促进林区"三农"问题的解决,兼顾效率与公平的关系及提升林区公共福利水平,乃至在推进林区民主进程等方面的引导和示范效用。     

鄱阳湖滨湖平原区土地整治工程模式研究

我国地域辽阔,不同地形地貌在气候、土壤和社会经济状况等方面具有不同的特征。在对不同的地貌类型进行土地整治时,土地整治有明显的差异性。鄱阳湖滨湖平原区土地整治方向是调整农业产业结构,持续发展种植业,积极发展林、牧、副、渔等产业,整治以治水为主,完善排灌渠系,加固沿河圩堤,加强湖区防护林建设,提高防洪抗灾能力,治理水旱灾害,减轻土壤污染。该文在总结鄱阳湖滨湖平原区土地整治项目工程特征的基础上,探讨与之相适合的土地整治项目工程规划设计的技术方法,并以南昌县蒋巷镇五丰村等两个村土地整治项目为例,应用鄱阳湖滨湖平原区的土地整治项目工程特征分析成果,对项目区工程进行了具体的规划设计。     

New Powers and the Distribution of Preferences in Global Trade Governance: From Deadlock and Drift to Fragmentation

ABSTRACT

Existing theories make divergent predictions about the impact of new powers on the global political economy. Some argue that a more even distribution of power will erode international cooperation, while others argue that cooperation can continue with the help of international institutions to overcome collective action problems. We argue that this debate overlooks a critical determinant of the shape of power transitions: the distribution of preferences amongst the major powers. It is primarily in the context of divergent preferences that power transitions are likely to give rise to conflict. Moreover, even where preferences diverge, the gains of cooperation provide a strong incentive to continue to pursue goals through multilateralism. This situation leads to forms of institutional change unanticipated by established theories. These include deadlock in expansive multilateral fora, institutional drift as old rules cannot keep up with the changing political and economic context, and fragmentation as countries seek minilateral solutions that reduce preference diversity. We develop this preference-based, institutional argument by examining the distribution of preferences and institutional change at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its Doha Round, where the power transition is relatively advanced.     

The Domestic Sources of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: Explaining Brazil's Negotiating Position in the Doha Round

This article investigates the effects of a transfer between two countries participating in a customs union. This analysis yields very paradoxical results which differ from the conclusions obtained by the traditional literature which has been developed in a two-country framework or in a multilateral world but with universal free trade. The compensation scheme adopted by the authorities of the customs union may create an overall terms of trade deterioration and induce an impoverishment for both member countries. Thus, transfers may not be an adequate instrument to redistribute the gains of economic integration between the members of a free trade association.     

边角余料的合理利用

随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,如何降低成本、提高效益已成为企业提高竞争力急需解决的问题。面对生产中产生的大量边角费料,如果能合理利用,就可以减少浪费,节约材料,无疑将会给企业带来可观的经济效益。     

YB65条盒包装机吸纸轮负压控制改进

针对YB65型硬条包装机负压控制阀及凸轮装置安装在机身内部容易出现管路渗油、条盒纸吸取故障较多、维修保养费时费力的现象,通过对YB65型硬条包装机负压控制阀及凸轮装置进行重新设计,将原负压控制阀改为电磁阀,将原凸轮装置改造成可调凸轮并安装在机身外部,达到调整凸轮相位方便快捷,极大降低维修调整的时间,并能有效解决硬条包装机负压管路渗油问题。     

Optimal trade execution in order books with stochastic liquidity

In financial markets, liquidity changes randomly over time. We consider such random variations of the depth of the order book and evaluate their influence on optimal trade execution strategies. If the stochastic structure of liquidity changes satisfies certain conditions, then the unique optimal trading strategy exhibits a conventional structure with a single wait region and a single buy region, and profitable round‐trip strategies do not exist. In other cases, optimal strategies can feature multiple wait regions and optimal trade sizes that can be decreasing in the size of the position to be liquidated. Furthermore, round‐trip strategies can be profitable depending on bid–ask spread assumptions. We illustrate our findings with several examples including the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model for the evolution of liquidity.     

汉正街金融服务现状调查

本文基于对汉正街商业银行和在汉正街经营的业主的详细调查,对汉正街商品市场金融服务现状进行分析,指出汉正街商业银行的金融服务供给未能真正适应汉正街业主们的需求;提出了通过商业银行、业主、商会、管委会等主体的协同努力,提高汉正街经济发展中的金融支持效能,以促进汉正街“二次创业”的相应对策。