带时变和分数时滞系统的自校正控制器

本文对带时变和分数时滞的系统提出了一种自校正控制方法。该方法着眼于实时跟踪受控对象的时滞参数,使控制器参数随时滞的变化而不断修正,因而有效地解决了这类系统的自校正问题。     

A gender perspective on the use of supplemental healthcare plans

Because employer‐provided health coverage represents the main source of health insurance for Americans and its costs for employees are rising, accurate knowledge about health coverage would seem to be crucial for making sound decisions on choosing the plans that best meet the specific needs of a family. However, previous research suggests that most employees have little understanding of the scope and monetary value, or even the existence of many components of their health benefit package. This paper re‐examines employees’ general financial learning efforts and knowledge level, and how they relate to participation in and importance attached to supplemental healthcare plans. We find that, while self‐directed financial learning and general financial knowledge significantly predicted plan participation and the importance attached to them, demographic factors, such as gender, age and job classification, dominated the supplemental healthcare decisions.     

Exercise as a Means of Reducing Perceptions of Work‐Family Conflict: A Test of the Roles of Self‐Efficacy and Psychological Strain

Prior research suggests that exercise has positive benefits for individuals and the organizations they work for. Using the literature related to social cognitive theory and exercise, the present study hypothesizes and tests the effects of exercise on two directions of work‐family conflict: work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW). Using a sample of 476 working adults, we found that exercise was both positively related to self‐efficacy for managing work‐family conflict and negatively related to reported psychological strain, which in turn were related to reductions in work‐family conflict. Model fit for the data support our contention that exercise indirectly influences work‐family conflict via its direct impact on increased self‐efficacy and reduced psychological strain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Bank credit constraints for women‐led SMEs: Self‐restraint or lender bias?

We test the existence of possible gender biases affecting firm behavior in demanding and obtaining bank credit using a cross‐country sample of European small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). We show consistent evidence that female‐led firms are more likely than their male counterparts to refrain from applying for loans. When they apply, female‐led enterprises do not seem to face gender discrimination from the lender. Interestingly, however, signs of gender bias appear to arise during the upside phase of the economy. Overall, our study provides support for policy actions aimed at reducing the frictions faced by women‐led SMEs when accessing credit markets.     

高职大学生自我教育与成才研究

自我教育是高职大学生成才与发展的重要途径,高职大学生成才凸显自我教育价值。文章首先概述了自我教育的内涵、原则与目的;进而强调了彰显自我教育价值,促进学生成长成才的价值理念;最后就疏通自我教育渠道,探寻学生成才捷径提出四点建议。     

关于高职院校大学生就业自我营销策略研究

解决大学生就业压力不仅需要国家给予相应的政策支持,还需要大学生本身提高就业意识,加强自我营销的能力。当前高职院校大学生就业观意识比较淡薄,就业技巧技能掌握不足,这些都直接影响着大学生的就业。因此,为提高大学生的就业率,高职院校要加强对于大学生就业自我营销能力的培训,让学生在就业的过程善于利用营销策略实现就业。     

Myopia, redistribution and pensions

This paper reviews a number of recent contributions that study pension design with myopic individuals. Its objective is to explore how the presence of more or less myopic individuals affects pension design when individuals differ also in productivity. This double heterogeneity gives rise to an interesting interplay between paternalistic and redistributive considerations, which is at the heart of most of the results that are presented. The main part of the paper is devoted to the issue of pension design when myopic individual do not save “enough” for their retirement because their “myopic self” (with a high discount rate) emerges when labor supply and savings decisions are made. Some extensions and variations are considered in the second part. In particular we deal with situations where labor disutility or preferences for consumption are subject to “habit formation” and where sin goods have a detrimental effect on second period health. Myopic individuals tend to underestimate the effects of both habit formation and sinful consumption, which complicates public policy.     

欧债危机对中国地方政府债务的警示

近年来,我国地方政府债务的总体规模出现了较大幅度的上升,尽管这个规模尚处于可控范围之内,但决不能忽视地方政府债务不断累积,欧元区国家主权债务危机的警示在于:由于债务是延迟的税收,政府必须不断地在短期与长期内努力平衡其收益与支出。因此,必须积极寻找相应对策,化解地方政府债务的潜在风险。     

基于电子商务环境下的机遇搜索探究

本文探究在电子商务环境下，分析知识搜索、技术型产品、培养“弱关系”成员和形成机遇发现团队等关键因素，利用“情感认同”、“擅长发觉”和“自我效能”等自然属性，如何快速找到稀缺的市场机遇，使企业满足开发市场机遇和立足有利地位的深度需求。     

Environmental Management Systems (EMS) of Tour Operators: Learning from Each Other

This research determined to what extent tour operators in Western Canada who use natural, public-owned assets as a main feature of their business operations have developed formal or informal environmental management systems (EMS)and which EMS elements they use most frequently and most successfully. Furthermore, the research investigated which variables drive the use of EMS elements to ensure good environmental performance. The findings suggest that those operators who seek environmentally related business outcomes, possess supply-side tourism development values, and have more business experience, will have developed more sophisticated EMS and find these systems more useful in ensuring good environmental performance. With this information, park officials can develop a plan for knowledge sharing and the education of all tour operators. Park officials can design appropriate training and development programmes by considering the barriers that they might encounter in encouraging tour operators to implement certain policies and procedures. Tour operators can transfer some elements of EMS, widely recognised as useful, to other tour operators by ‘assimilation’, as few barriers exist to the implementation of these elements. However, if beliefs and attitudes must change before operators will use an element, learning by ‘accommodation’ will be a more appropriate approach.