Deliberation over new hydrogen energy technologies: evidence from two Citizens’ Panels in the UK

Hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy technologies are still largely at the experimental and demonstration project stages. If the hydrogen is produced sustainably from renewable sources, it may be a potential means of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving other environmental objectives. But hydrogen technologies are still ‘emergent’ – seeking a niche to compete against incumbent technologies in stationary and mobile applications. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (buses and automobiles) and hydrogen refuelling stations have been developed, but they have yet to become established in the market. Much attention has been given to technical risk assessment of hydrogen as a hazardous gas, but broader ‘whole systems’ appraisals of a hydrogen infrastructure (for domestic and transport uses) are lacking. Importantly, public risk perceptions are seen as crucial factors influencing acceptance or rejection. This paper examines qualitative evidence about public attitudes towards hydrogen energy technologies and compares results from two Citizens’ Panels carried out recently in England and Wales. These Citizens’ Panels enabled selected samples of the general public to question the experts and deliberate over the issues raised. The paper highlights unresolved questions concerning ‘critical trust’ of experts and other stakeholders, and citizens’ demands for greater familiarity with the hydrogen technologies in practical, everyday settings, in order to offer judgements about their desirability and feasibility.     

PRO/Ⅱ流程模拟软件在氯化氢气体吸收装置的应用

利用PRO/Ⅱ流程模拟软件对生产中产生的氯化氢气体进行了吸收模拟,在此基础上确定合理工艺参数,用于指导氯化氢气体吸收装置的建设和工业生产。     

固态高功率高重频脉冲源的研究与发展

全固态高功率高重频脉冲源技术是定向能武器高能激光、高功率微波发展的关键技术之一。重点介绍了固态脉冲源技术发展历程和国内外发展动态。总结了三类固态高功率高重频脉冲源研制设计方法与工作原理、核心关键技术、应用前景、发展启示,以供相关人员参考。固态高功率高重频脉冲源具有全固态、高功率、小体积、轻重量、高可靠、长寿命等优点,在“激光打靶受控核爆模拟”实验研究、闪光X光照像、超宽带雷达、超宽谱通信、电子对抗、瞬态测量仪器等领域有广泛的应用前景。     

半导体产业与科技创新体系的协同互促：国际对比与启示

国际经验表明半导体产业的发展需要科技创新体系的有力支撑,而半导体产业科技创新体系的演化是各类综合因素作用的结果。以美国为例梳理了该国半导体产业与科技创新主体（军方、政府、企业、高校、中介组织）、科技创新环境要素（政策体系、法律体系、人才体系、资金体系）协同互促的实践历程。通过对美国、日本和韩国的实践经验进行对比分析,总结出对中国半导体产业发展的有益启示：因时制宜发挥政府与市场的作用,加快科技创新活动法制建设、完善国家科技创新法律体系,建立并完善多元化、多层次的投融资机制,将人才引育置于优先地位,构建高效务实的合作伙伴关系。     

漂白活化剂TAED在棉针织物煮漂一浴中的应用研究

对漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)在纯棉针织物的煮漂一浴前处理工艺中的应用情况进行了探讨。通过分析H2O2用量、TAED用量、煮漂时间、煮漂温度等因素对织物白度的影响,以白度为参考指标,确定应用漂白活化剂TAED时的最优工艺条件。     

等离子体中简并效应对原子结构和光谱的影响

采用修正的德拜模型研究了简并等离子体中氢原子的结构和光谱特性,结果表明：等离子体屏蔽效应对其中的原子结构和光谱有很大影响,而且对高密等离子体中电子简并效应减弱了这种屏蔽．     

SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS AND NETWORKS IN THE CASE OF SEMICONDUCTOR LASER TECHNOLOGY IN THE US AND JAPAN, 1960s–2000s

United States organisations took a clear lead in semiconductor laser research until the mid‐1970s. After the 1980s, many important breakthroughs were developed by Japanese organisations. Exploring the journal Applied Physics Letters, this study examines how semiconductor laser technology developed in these two countries and how this change in the country‐level industrial leadership in the scientific research occurred. Examining the relationship among industrial organisations, research networks, and scientific breakthroughs, it discusses how these coevolved and how breakthroughs were channelled in different directions. R&D targets were channelled into small markets in the US, but were concentrated into the same markets in Japan.     

离子液体在净化CO2,SO2,H2S方面的研究进展

离子液体作为一种绿色溶剂已开始应用到空气污染治理中,对CO2,SO2,H2S具有良好的溶解性能,作为气体吸收剂具有效率高、适用范围广、可循环利用等优点,因而受到人们关注.介绍了离子液体作为气体吸收剂的一些特点和吸收CO2,SO2,H2S的应用研究进展,展望了离子液体今后的研究方向.     

生产装置作业场所两种硫化氢测定方法比较

对硫化氢硝酸银比色法和亚甲基蓝分光光度法在准确度、精密度、灵敏度、采样方式、分析方法及检出限、干扰、试剂毒性等方面进行比较，指出运用亚甲基蓝分光光度法更适应石油化工企业作业场所中硫化氢的监测。     

新方法合成配合物草酸锌(Ⅱ)

在水热条件下以配体草酸与Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为反应原料,得到了配合物草酸锌。通过X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行表征,结果表明,晶体属于三斜晶系,空间群为C2/c。晶胞参数为:Z=1,a=11.690(6),b=5.416(3),c=9.725(4),α=90,β=126.40(2),γ=9.919(2)°,V=495.6(4)3;R1=0.1507。晶体结构分析表明每个锌离子与6个氧原子配位(ZnO6),形成了八面体构型,其中与锌离子配位的6个氧原子中,有4个氧原子来自2个草酸根配体,另2个氧原子来自配位水分子,邻近的金属离子通过草酸根连接成一维链状结构,链间通过氢键作用连接为三维网络结构。