科学过程技能及其培养策略

生物学科学探究能力的形成是建立在动作技能、认知技能与探究技能整合的科学过程技能的基础之上。分析科学过程技能及其分类,科学过程技能与能力的关系,探讨培养学生过程技能的策略,使其促进学生学习素养的提高。     

Differentiable von Neumann-Morgenstern utility

Summary. Differentiability is a convenient property of von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions which is almost always imposed but has not been translated into behavioral terms. In applications, expected utility is usually maximized subject to a constraint, and the maximization is carried out by differentiating the utility function. This paper presents two sets of necessary and sufficient conditions for a risk averse von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function to be differentiable. The first of them is formulated in terms of the equivalent risk premia of small gambles. It says, in brief, that the equivalent risk premium is of a smaller order of magnitude than the risk itself, as measured by the expectation of the absolute value of the risk. The second set of necessary and sufficient conditions is formulated in terms of the probability premium of small lotteries. It says, essentially, that the probability premium for small binary lotteries goes to zero as the size of the lottery goes to zero. Received: May 11, 1997; revised version: May 14, 1998     

托达罗人口流动模型的改进——基于风险升水的视角

农村劳动力的迁移决策是一个理性的经济决策行为,迁移者在做出迁移决策时不仅仅要考虑预期的城乡收入差异,理性的迁移者还会考虑到不确定性带来的效用损失,文章用一个风险升水值来度量这种效用损失,并认为应该从托达罗模型的预期收入差异中剔除这个损失额度。因而,实际预期的城乡收入差异会比托达罗模型所表述的更小,一些风险规避的迁移者可能就会因此退出迁移。     

权证价格的趋势特征及其投资策略

以沪深两市中的全部权证为研究对象,运用溢价率和隐含波动率这两个反映权证价格趋势特征的工具对我国权证的二级市场进行实证分析。研究发现：权证的溢价率和隐含波动率呈现一定的变化趋势,认购权证和认沽权证的溢价率呈反方向变化,认购权证的隐含波动率高于认沽权证的隐含波动率。用这两个工具可以引导投资者挖掘权证的内在价值。     

债券溢折价实际利率摊销法的再探讨

基于实际利率法的两项基本规定推论出债券溢折价摊销额、利息收入、债券投资账面价值的计算规律,据此认为实际利率法是一种集精确性与简便性为一体的摊销方法,并非会计界认为的二者不可兼得。     

医学学生临床技能培训的探讨

探讨强化临床医学专业学生实践技能方法，提高医学生临床应用能力和技能操作水平，提高医院带教老师和病人对学生的满意度。选择2003级临床医学专业43名学生为研究对象，设计实习前强化训练内容和方法，逐项进行训练，随机抽样测试并对比强化训练前后学生技能成绩。通过实习前强化训练，学生体格检查技能成绩、病历书写及医嘱等合格率与强化训练前相比有显著的差异性（P〈0．01）。对医学生开展实习前强化训练，是提高医学生临床应用能力及实践技能水平的有效方法，具有一定的实用价值。     

多媒体英语教学模式探讨——设计符合大脑神经科学规律的多媒体课件

依据心理语言学家对大脑神经科学的研究,应设计符合大脑神经学习规律的多媒体语言输入课件。课件应强调对视觉和听觉系统的刺激作用,能激活大脑神经中枢、开发人的程序性记忆、使语言输入模式次序化并突出语言项的结合力量。此外,教学要有助于语言学习技能的拓展,要将计算机辅助语言教学与教室人性化教学相结合。。     

Union–firm bargaining: Order of play and efficiency

This paper shows that a modified alternating offers Rubinstein model can provide a Pareto superior outcome in the context of the right-to-manage union–firm bargaining. Two examples of bargaining protocols that yield a superior outcome are provided. In the first example, the parties engage in a game in which the order of play is determined as part of the bargaining. We show that the game has a unique subgame perfect equilibrium in which the firm always moves first in the wage bargaining game. The equilibrium wage is, therefore, unique. In the second example, we examine a two-part-tariff alternating offers bargaining protocol, where the parties bargain over the wage and transfer payments. We show that this bargaining protocol has a Pareto efficient, unique subgame perfect equilibrium. Thus, although the parties do not bargain over the level of employment, the outcome under this protocol is, nevertheless, socially optimal.     

论交际法教学中听说能力的培养

当代外语教学的主要目的是培养学生的交际能力,而英语会话主要涉及听、说两方面内容。在外语教学中,仅仅教会学生一套机械的语法规则,一定数量的词汇,学生是无法令人满意地参与目的语交际活动的,因此,在外语教学中应充分重视听说能力的培养,做到听说领先。     

高职院校《进出口商品归类》教学的探讨

近年来,高等职业技术教育蓬勃发展,加入W TO后,不少学校更希望以此为契机,大力发展国际经济与贸易专业的高职教育。《进出口商品归类》是高职院校国际经济与贸易专业中开设的专业技能类课程,也是一门实用性强的新课程,在教学实践中会不可避免地碰到一些问题,文章拟对此进行研究,提出个人见解,以促进国际经济与贸易高职教育的健康发展。