技术创新中资产专用性造成的转换成本问题研究

从资产专用性的角度着手，分析了专用性资产在技术创新中形成的转换成本，并且进一步分析了在单一技术范式发展进程中为保证专用性资产投资的制度安排对这种转换成本的影响，最后提出了如何有效地降低这种转换成本的方法。     

Are relational ties always good for knowledge acquisition? Buyer–supplier exchanges in China

Relational ties between manufacturers and their suppliers serve as an important strategic resource for value creation and realization. However, conflicting evidence exists regarding their role in the acquisition of specific knowledge. This study proposes that relational ties have a nonlinear effect on specific knowledge acquisition and that this nonlinear relationship is conditional on contract specificity and competitive intensity. Results from a sample of 385 manufacturer–supplier exchanges in China demonstrate that a buyer's relational ties with its major supplier have an inverted U-shaped effect on specific knowledge acquisition from this supplier; this inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger (steeper) when contract specificity is high and competition is more intense. These findings suggest that managers should understand the benefits and downsides of relational ties in acquiring specific knowledge and avoid building highly embedded ties when they draft detailed contracts or competition is highly intensive.     

Activity outsourcing and competitive strategy in the hotel industry. The moderator role of asset specificity

This paper analyzes hotel outsourcing from the perspective of the competitive strategy and asset specificity. A comprehensive model is developed to establish the relationships among the competitive strategy (cost leadership and differentiation strategies), asset specificity and activity outsourcing. Asset specificity is used as a moderator variable in the relationship between the competitive strategy and activity outsourcing. A specificity-outsourcing matrix is developed to classify the activities by their level of asset specificity and outsourcing. The main hotel activities are investigated in a representative sample of hotels in Taiwan. The findings indicate that the cost leadership strategy positively and partially influences outsourcing, while the differentiation strategy has a negative impact on outsourcing an activity. The results confirm the negative relationship between asset specificity and the level of activity outsourcing. Moreover, they show that asset specificity positively moderates the relationship between the competitive strategy and outsourcing.     

Statistical Issues in Assessing Forensic Evidence

In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences released a report that emphasized the need for more scientific research in the evaluation of methods in the forensic science disciplines. This needed research includes statistical issues such as bias quantification, validation and estimates of accuracy and precision in different contexts. This article reviews statistical aspects of forensic science with particular reference to the design of studies that are essential to evaluate inferences from forensic evidence. Many sources can affect both the accuracy and the consistency of decisions at each stage of the process, from specimen collection to final decision. The article discusses the importance of identifying these sources and the statistical principles involved in the quantification of, and uncertainty in, estimated probabilities of error. By contrasting the design of a successful community clinical trial with two previous fingerprint studies and with bullet lead studies, this article emphasizes the need for reduced subjectivity, the types of measurements on physical evidence that can lead to more accurate and consistent decisions and the importance of carefully designed studies in the evaluation of forensic evidence.     

我国海洋捕捞渔民转产转业的经济学分析

海洋捕捞渔民转产难的原因不完全是政府的支持不够,政策不完善。本文在对劳动力转移理论分析的基础上,用资产专用性理论分析捕捞渔民的沉没成本,比较捕捞渔民转产的成本和预期收益,指出转产难最根本的原因是其转移成本过高。     

奶农与企业的依存关系及利益主体的博弈分析

我国液态奶在相当长时间里主要以进口乳清和奶粉为原料的还原奶为主,因此,生产时对奶牛、牧场的依赖不强,乳制品生产企业也很少形成西方国家的垂直一体化模式。当进口奶粉价格上升、奶农和牧场的资产专用性程度提高,尤其是为了减少乳业质量安全事故,要求整合产业链,理顺奶农和企业的利益关系。资产专用性理论和博弈分析方法可以对乳业产业链整合的必要性和可行性进行分析,分析结论提出的机制改进有助于避免"三聚氰胺"等类似事件再次发生。     

Efficient management remuneration plan design: A consideration of specific human capital investments

This paper investigates the contractual relationship between the manager and the firm. The results indicate that cross-sectional variation in the components of management remuneration plans can be explained by variations in the specificity of both the manager's human capital investments and the firm's resources. Where the returns on the firm's resources are relatively more dependent upon (specific to) a particular manager, that manager is more likely to be able to negotiate his/her remuneration. The manager is also more likely to be paid on a long run contingent basis and to be offered deferred forfeitable remuneration. The results also indicate that the greater the firm-specificity of a manager's human capital investments the greater the likelihood that the manager is offered termination compensation as part of the remuneration package.     

基于资产专用性的中国高校发展分析

中国高等教育体制经过二十年的改革，取得了显着的成绩，不仅培养出大批的优秀人才，而且推动了国家科技迅速地发展，为中国的经济发展和繁荣，做出了杰出的贡献。然而，在市场经济的新形势下，高等教育体制的改革也产生了一系列问题。本文通过资产专用性理论的经济学思考，对中国高等教育体制改革中出现的问题进行了探讨，并提出了一些改革设想。     

Mainstream economics, heterodoxy and academic exclusion: a review essay

Does the mainstream of economic thinking and analysis tend systematically to exclude ideas and approaches that could enrich the field, and, as a consequence, have important questions and issues been shunted aside for nonobjective reasons? Two recent volumes by heterodox economists that address these questions are Geoffrey Hodgson's How Economics Forgot History: The Problem of Historical Specificity in Social Science, and Steve Keen's Debunking Economics: The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences. I evaluate their claims of academic exclusion and assess the current state of (selective) pluralism within mainstream economics.     

论资产专用性与纵向一体化

资产专用性通过影响企业的治理成本和生产成本来影响纵向一体化决策,资本专用性越强,企业就越倾向于实行纵向一体化。而纵向一体化过程反过来又对资产专用性产生影响,企业实行纵向一体化的过程会使资产专用性增强。