常见语用失误和语用能力培养简析

语用失误一般是指在跨文化交际过程中,由于说话人忽略语言文化差异造成的语言误用现象.为了进一步了解跨文化交际中常见的语用失误情形,探讨其在语用能力培养方面产生的积极意义,本文对语用失误的种类及其成因做了进一步研究,分析了存在的问题,提出了作者的观点,并且就应用言语行为理论来指导外语教学及培养学生语用能力提出了一系列建议.     

关于普通话教学改革的思考

普通话是一门公共选修课,在以往的教学中,存在着对普通话的重要性认识不够、学时不足、教学形式不当、教学手段落后等问题。针对这些问题,我们的对策是:第一,开发学生学习普通话的积极性、主动性;第二,学好普通话理论知识;第三,加强实践环节;第四,因材施教,加强针对性;第五,建立良好的学普环境,坚持科学的训练原则。     

网络文学言语社区探究

文章从网络文学和言语社区的定义入手,先界定了本文的研究对象,然后进行了网络文学言语社区的使用考察,介绍网络文学言语社区的一些用语习惯和特殊词汇,并从言语社区的构成要素角度对网络文学言语社区进行了较为深刻的剖析,对这个言语社区进行了认定,最后分析了网络文学言语社区的一些自身特点以及一些存在的问题。     

基于分形维的连续语音实时分割技术

为能准确有效地判断出连续语音中各个音节的起止点,提出了一种改进的分形维计算方法,该算法将插值分形维的步长因子进一步精确到采样频率的数量级上,先求出语音分形维的最小二乘能量轨迹,再差分求其动态特征;在此基础上,设计了连续语音的两级搜索实时分割算法,并进行了基于DSP的硬件系统实验。结果证明,该算法较好地实现了语音段的实时分割和汉语音节切分,鲁棒性好,使得系统在信噪比为0 dB时音节分割准确率仍可保持在一个较高的水平上。最后开发了一个在线汉语语音标注器,借此阐述了论文工作在语音识别方面的应用。     

Free expression in the workplace: Does the public-private distinction matter?

This article presents an argument for a judicial approach to ward employee free speech cases that would afford private sector employees substantially greater free speech protection. The argument proceeds first by examining a recent case,Novosel v. Nationwide Insurance Company, which if followed widely as precedent would make the public-private distinction much less important in employee free speech cases. This examination results in a strong endorsement of theNovosel decision. A clear statement of the reasons for the endorsement, however, takes one far beyond the opinion of the court into an analysis of the conditions under which courts may rely upon public policy as a basis for decision.     

三种经典单通道语音增强算法的比较

本文介绍了三种经典的单通道语音增强算法:子空间、最小均方误差估计和谱减法,分析和比较了这三种方法的优缺点。仿真实验表明,子空间去噪能力最强,语音失真度最大,运行时间最长;最小均方误差估计去噪能力不如子空间,语音失真度最小,运行时间介于其它两个算法之间;谱减法去噪能力和语音失真度介于其它两个算法之间,运行时间最短。     

权势与同等中的话语顺应

权势(power)和同等(solidarity)这两个概念是两个处于不同维度的话语选择参数,话语的选择受到话语参与对象权势或同等因素的制约。Verschueren的顺应论阐释了人们在话语交际中如何根据权势和同等这两个抽象的语义参数的不同来选择不同的话语结构,这种选择也正是与话语使用者的社交世界、心理世界和物理世界相互顺应的结果。     

深层神经网络预训练的改进初始化方法

在基于神经网络的语音识别任务中,提出根据激励函数二阶导数优化网络预训练阶段 中权值初始化的方法。利用激励函数的非线性区域和自变量呈高斯分布的特性,寻找权值分 布的较优方差以提升训练速度。通过比较同一学习速率下不同初始化数值对收敛速度的影响 ,发现此种方法可以加快预训练阶段的速度,提升神经网络训练的效率。     

The Communication Contract and Its Ten Ground Clauses

Global society issues are putting increasing pressure on both small and large organizations to communicate ethically at all levels. Achieving this requires social skills beyond the choice of language or vocabulary and relies above all on individual social responsibility. Arguments from social contract philosophy and speech act theory lead to consider a communication contract that identifies the necessary individual skills for ethical communication on the basis of a limited number of explicit clauses. These latter are pragmatically binding for all partners involved and help to ensure that the ground rules of cooperative communication are observed within a group or an organization. Beyond promoting ethical communication, the communication contract clarifies how individual discursive behaviour can be constructively and ethically monitored by group leaders in business meetings. A case study which shows what may happen when ground clauses of ethical communication are violated is presented. The conclusions of the study highlights why attempting to respect the communication contract is in the best interest of all partners at all levels within any group or organization.     

Corporate conditions conducive to employee voice: A subordinate perspective

Employees' voice is conceptualized as a necessary condition for organizational success. A model of employee voice is proposed that encompasses employee predispositions, receptivity to employee voice in the microstructure, and affirmative norms for voice in the societal macrostructure. The model was examined by testing the hypothesis that subordinates' satisfaction will be greater when corporate conditions are receptive to employee voice and when the organization is perceived to be committed both to quality in product and quality of employees' work life. a study with 150 employees from a variety of organizations is reported. The results produced rather strong support for the research hypothesis.