Tour guide performances as sight sacralization

According to sociologist Dean MacCannell, sights are transformed into tourist attractions through five stages of “sight sacralization”: naming, framing and elevation, enshrinement, mechanical reproduction, and social reproduction. This paper hypothesizes that these stages of sight sacralization should have spoken correlates in the performances of tour guides. Through an ethnographic analysis of tour performances at the Lindheimer Home, this study shows how spoken correlates of these stages ritually transform an unimposing cottage into a valued cultural sight. The enshrinement stage, more than any other, has the potential to accomplish a ritual transformation of liminoid tourists into a state of communitas with the hostess and tour sight. The only sacralization stage without spoken correlates is mechanical reproduction. Yet the printed brochure serves as an analogue to tour performances. The paper suggests ideas for future studies of tour guide sacralization based on an examination of the structural oppositions and symbolic inversions which define types of tour performances.     

导游词创新浅说

目前,一些导游员对导游词仅满足于照本宣科，这已经成为制约导游员累质提高的一个瓶颈。实现导游词创新的途径有：突出导游词的针对性、提升导游词的文化品位、巧妙运用类比法、化艰涩为通俗、增加导游词时代特色。     

大学生手机消费影响因素的研究

大学生的手机消费问题，一直以来就是我们关心的一个重要问题，作为未来的消费主力，大学生目前的花费消费状况，将会极大地影响到商家和大学生本人。在历史上，有不少专家对相关的问题进行了深入的研究。本文首先总结相关领域内学者的观点，然后利用调查问卷统计出的数据，应用SPSS8．0软件进行相关分析和回归分析，研究影响大学生手机话费结构的因素及各个因素的显著性水平。     

互动式英语课堂教学法与导入部分的设计实施

本文作者通过在英语教学中应用互动式英语课堂教学的实践经验,论述了以学生为主体的互动式课堂教学的目标、基本特征以及英语课导入部分的设计标准和实施策略;进而提出,把互动式课堂教学法引入大学英语课堂,是英语教学发展的必然趋势。     

Application of Multilevel Models to Structured Repeated Measurements

The linear mixed-effects model has been widely used for the analysis of continuous longitudinal data. This paper demonstrates that the linear mixed model can be adapted and used for the analysis of structured repeated measurements. A computational advantage of the proposed methodology is that there is no extra burden on the analyst since any software for linear mixed-effects models can be used to fit the proposed models. Two data sets from clinical psychology are used as motivating examples and to illustrate the methods.     

通俗文学的现代性与复调话语的生成

在大众文化理论的指引下，我们对当下话语氛围下的通俗文学进行透视，发现一元的特征性命名难以达到对通俗文学的合理界定。深究通俗文学的意识形态趋向以及大众对此的颠覆、反拨，这种对应结构的存在，让我们确信——复调话语是我们探讨通俗文学难以绕开的一个关键词。     

A Speech-Act Model for Talking to Management. Building a Framework for Evaluating Communication within the SRI Engagement Process

Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) has grown considerably over the past three decades. One form of SRI, engagement-SRI, is today by far the most practiced form of SRI (in assets managed) and has the potential to mainstream SRI even further. However, lack of formalized engagement procedures and evaluation tools leave the engagement practice too opaque for such a mainstreaming. This article can be considered as a first step in the development of a standard for the engagement practice. By developing an engagement heuristic, this article offers a more transparent engagement dialog. Drawing on Stevenson’s and Austin’s speech-act theories, this article develops a classification of management’s responses to the signaling of allegations and controversies on two dimensions: a factual dimension concerning (dis)agreements on factual claims and an attitudinal dimension concerning (dis)agreements on responsibilities, values, and norms. On the basis of the distinctions this article develops, the authors provide for a synoptic table and offer a next-step heuristic for the engagement process that started with signaling a concern to management. The article uses an engagement logic that, while keeping the exit option for the investor open, allows management to address signaled concerns without having to let down or to opt out at the first setback in the dialog process between investor and investee corporation. Wim Vandekerckhove is Assistant Professor of Practical Ethics at Ghent University, Center for Ethics & Value Inquiry. Jos Leys is Sustainable Development Officer with Dexia. Dirk Van Braeckel is Head of Research with Vigeo Group S.A.     

微博视角下的新闻自由与言论自由

微博这种依附于互联网的新兴交流平台的出现不仅改变了媒体发布信息的方式、公众知晓信息的渠道,更为重要的是,它既有的特点和优势为公众话语权的发展提供了保障,同时对新闻自由和言论自由产生了催化作用,给予了我们一种新的视角和背景来重新探讨媒体、新闻自由和言论自由之间的关系.     

AIDAM法则的修辞表现方法在广告语言中的体现

一个杰出的创意,必须通过一定的语言形式表达出来。广告的语言艺术是广告成败的关键。现代广告语言的运用,必须符合AIDAM法则,才能最大限度地发挥社会效应。本文介绍了AIDAM法则的提出,分析该法则的认知基础,并说明了广告语言中AIDAM法则的表现方法。     

言语行为理论与高职院校英语听力教学

言语行为理论是语用学中的非常重要的理论之一。文章运用该理论并结合高职院校听力教学需求,以近年听力理解考试短对话的真题为例,探讨如何帮助和引导高职学生根据语境去推断和正确理解听力材料中一些话语的言外之意,也就是它隐含在表象下的真实意图,以提高学生英语听力水平和英语综合应用能力。