基于价值工程原理的商品房购置决策研究

高性价比的商品房已成为房地产开发商和消费共同追求的目标。在确立住宅小区商品房性能评价指标体系基础上，提出了利用价值工程理论来计算商品房的性价比，以得到最优的商品房购置方案。最后通过一个案例进行了说明。     

企业标准化管理的实践与思考

标准化管理是企业的一项基础性工作,是提高管理质量的重要手段,其关键是建立规范、科学、高效的标准化管理体系,用以为企业各项工作的规范运行提供保证。凡创新发展的企业也无一例外地首先把标准化管理列为企业管理的基础工程,不遗余力地加以推广和实施。神华神东水暖公司在企业标准化管理方面的实践与探索,有助于在企业水暖管理方面形成一套有特色的标准化管理体系,在促进企业发展方面做了有益的尝试。     

A new parametric model for converting excess mortality from clinical studies to insured population

We propose a new parametric model – the generalized excess mortality (GEM) model – for converting excess mortality from clinical to insured population. The GEM model has been formulated as a generalization of the excess death rate (EDR) model in terms of a single adjustment parameter (m) that accounts for a partial elimination of a clinical study’s EDR due to the underwriting selection process. The suggested value of the parameter m depends only on the ratio of the impairment’s prevalence rate in the insured population to that in the clinical population. The model’s development has been implemented in two phases: the design phase and the validation phase. In the design phase, the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I pertaining to three broad impairments (diabetes, coronary artery disease, and asthma) have been used. As a result, the following equation for the parameter m has been proposed: m_k?=?(P_i,k/P_c,k)ⁿ, where P_i,k, P_c,k are the prevalence rates of impairment k under study in the insured and the clinical populations, respectively, and n a single universal parameter with its value best approximated as n?=?0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.5–0.6). In the validation phase, several independent clinical studies of three other impairments (Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were used. As it has been demonstrated in the validation phase, for a number of impairments, the GEM model can provide a better fit for observed insured population mortality than either one of the conventional EDR or mortality ratio models.     

完善政府非税收入管理的思考

非税收入是政府财政收入体系的重要组成部分。目前,政府非税收入管理存在政出多门分散、管理职能脱节、缺乏有效的激励约束机制等问题,应当按照“正税清费”的原则,全面清理整顿行政事业性收费和政府性基金;完善利用市场配置公共资源工作体制;完善财政票据监督制度;构建完整的信息管理平台,提高非税收入管理水平和效率;逐步实现非税收入管理的规范化。     

工程建设项目临时用地规范化管理初探——以沪宁城际铁路江苏段为例

研究目的:针对中国现行临时用地管理中存在的典型问题,探讨促进耕地保护与土地高效综合利用的临时用地规范化管理措施。研究方法:文献综述法,多因素综合分析法。研究结果:在现行政策制度基础上提出了临时用地规范化管理的可操作性程序,并以沪宁城际铁路江苏段临时用地管理为例进行了案例分析。研究结论:为实现切实保护耕地的国家战略,应重点加强临时用地选址、规划审批、工程施工和复垦利用4个方面控制作用,从工程项目申报、立项、建设、验收的全过程加强用地监督管理。     

规范：义乌民营企业健康发展之根本

义乌民营企业依托小商品市场发展迅猛,但在新的形势下,正面-临着巨大的压力和前所未有的困境.本文分析了义务民营企业发展困境的主要原因,指出通过规范来转型升级,实现义务民营企业可持续发展,还要发挥义乌政府关键性主导作用.     

MIS‐SPECIFICATION TESTING IN RETROSPECT

The primary objective of this paper is threefold. First, to undertake a retrospective view of Mis‐Specification (M‐S) testing, going back to the early 20th century, with a view to (i) place it in the broader context of modeling and inference and (ii) bring out some of its special features. Second, to call into question several widely used arguments undermining the importance of M‐S testing in favor of relying on weak probabilistic assumptions in conjunction with generic robustness claims and asymptotic inference. Third, to bring out the crucial role of M‐S testing in securing trustworthy inference results. This is achieved by extending/modifying Fisher's statistical framework with a view to draw a clear line between the modeling and the inference facets of statistical induction. The proposed framework untangles the statistical from the substantive (structural) model and focuses on how to secure the adequacy of the statistical model before probing for substantive adequacy. A case is made for using joint M‐S tests based on custom‐built auxiliary regressions with a view to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of probing for potential statistical misspecifications.     

Does implementation guidance affect opportunistic reporting and value relevance of earnings?

In recent years, both the SEC (2003) and the FASB (2004) [Securities and Exchange Commission, 2003. Study Pursuant to Section 108(d) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the Adoption by the United States Financial Reporting System of a Principles-Based Accounting System. Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC; the Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2004. On the road to an objectives-oriented accounting system. Financial Accounting Series: The FASB Report (August 31), 1–5.] have indicated a need for accounting standards where principles are balanced by implementation guidance (i.e., a framework for exercising professional judgment). In this study, we take advantage of a jurisdictional split during 1996–2001 whereby the same economic event (i.e., an impairment in oil and gas assets) in the extractive petroleum industry was accounted for by “full cost” firms under a SEC standard (Regulation SX 4-10) which provides extensive implementation guidance, and by “successful efforts” firms under a FASB standard (SFAS No. 121) that provided relatively little guidance for implementing the standard.     

Marketing strategies for hotels

The aims of this article are to investigate the application of hotel marketing strategies by independent vs group (chain) hotels and to investigate comparatively the performance — along a number of criteria — of these two types of hotel organisation.The study presents in detail the main stages in developing a hotel marketing strategy and a taxonomy of the 9 major strategies available for hotels, discussing their features, characteristics and when appropriate for application.Any meaningful analysis of hotel marketing should be based on the marketing strategies employed by the individual establishment and group/chain organisation. No doubt effective selling of hotels' products and services depends to a large extent on the marketing strategies selected. As the market for hotels' services is dynamic and accompanied by rapid changes in the environment due to uncertain economic conditions, increased competition, advancement in technology, and inflation, increased attention will be given by hotels in the future to the selection of an appropriate marketing strategy.     

Reflections on the current fashion for central bank independence

This paper challenges the time-inconsistency case for centralbank independence. It argues that the time-inconsistency literaturenot only seriously confuses the substance of the rules vs discretiondebate, but also posits an implausible view of monetary policy.Most worryingly, the inflationary bias featured prominentlyin the time-inconsistency literature has encouraged the developmentof a dangerously one-sided approach to central bank independencewhich entirely ignores the potential risks involved in maximisingcentral bankers' latitude for discretion. The analysis showsthat a more balanced and symmetric approach to central bankindependence is urgently needed. The views of Maynard Keynesand Milton Friedman are shown to shed some illuminating anddisconcerting light on a fashionable free-lunch promise thatis based on rather shallow theoretical foundations and empiricalevidence.