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991.
Luxury bequests impart systematic effects of age to an investor's optimal allocation: the expected percentage allocation to equities rises throughout retirement. When bequests are luxuries the marginal utility of bequests declines more slowly than the marginal utility of consumption. This is essentially lower risk aversion. As a retiree approaches death, her expected remaining lifetime utility is increasingly composed of bequest utility, and thus generates progressively lower risk aversion. A retiree responds by increasingly favoring the higher-return risky asset. Compared to standard preferences, luxury bequests elevate a retiree's average exposure to the risky asset, but the difference is small in early retirement. 相似文献
992.
体育资金的分配关系到国家体育总体目标和战略性规划的实现,对我国体育事业的发展具有重要的意义。优化体育资金分配,兼顾竞技体育和群众体育,以体育产业带动体育自身造血功能,促进体育的社会效益与经济效益双发展。 相似文献
993.
994.
文章使用手工收集和整理的2001-2013年我国上市公司设置分支机构的数据,考察了地区劳动力市场比较优势与上市公司跨区域资本配置行为之间的关系,以及劳动保护在上述关系中的作用。研究结果表明:(1)获取劳动力市场比较优势是上市公司跨区域资本配置的重要驱动因素之一,表现为上市公司更可能到劳动力资源丰富和劳动成本低的地区设置分支机构;(2)与上市公司注册地相比,一个地区的劳动力市场比较优势越明显,上市公司到该地区设置分支机构的可能性越大;(3)加强劳动保护强化了上市公司的上述行为。进一步研究发现,在民营性质和劳动密集度较高的上市公司中,为了获取劳动力市场比较优势,企业跨区域配置资本的可能性较大,劳动保护对上述关系的强化作用也较明显。 相似文献
995.
《Review of Economic Dynamics》2014,17(2):243-261
This paper presents and estimates a dynamic model of multinational production (MP) and exports with heterogeneous firms. The model highlights the interaction between firms' location and export decisions and their effect on aggregate productivity. The model is structurally estimated using firm-level Indonesian manufacturing data. The results are broadly consistent with the pattern of productivity, exports and MP across firms. Counterfactual experiments suggest that there are substantial productivity gains due to international trade and MP. The implied changes in steady state real wages, however, are relatively small. The experiments emphasize that the nature of firm-level trade and MP interactions are crucial to determining the aggregate effects of trade and foreign direct investment policy. 相似文献
996.
Targeting prevention interventions to high-risk populations may increase intervention benefits, but identifying and/or finding the high-risk populations may increase intervention costs. We explore the costs and benefits of targeting in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention in high-risk injection drug users (IDUs). Focusing interventions on such a population should maximize the number of HIV infections averted. Recruiting high-risk IDUs for such interventions, however, may be more difficult and costly. We base our analysis on an earlier model that determines the allocation of resources to two interventions, street outreach and methadone maintenance. The model seeks to minimize HIV incidence in a population of heterosexual IDUs and their non-injecting sex partners. We conclude that while targeting an inexpensive intervention like street outreach rarely proves to be cost-effective, even a costly targeting effort can increase cost effectiveness for an expensive, effective, narrowly focused intervention such as methadone maintenance. 相似文献
997.
碳金融可通过动员储蓄引导资金和技术倾向低碳产业;通过市场机制,使碳排放权具有商品属性,利用价格的信号传递功能,影响到企业的项目选择。对国际碳市场和石油市场的实证分析表明,碳价和原油价格间发生了正向的相互影响关系,碳金融在生态环境保护和低碳产业导向上发挥了作用。 相似文献
998.
This paper examines whether fraud allegations affect firms’ contracting with the government. Using a data set of whistleblower allegations brought under the False Claims Act against firms accused of defrauding the government, we find that federal agencies do not reduce the total dollar volume of contracts with accused firms; however, they substitute approximately 14% of the harder‐to‐monitor cost‐plus contracts for fixed‐price contracts. This effect is concentrated in the procurement of services and explained by contract and service substitution. Finally, we find that after the conclusion of the investigation, the government reduces the contract dollar volume by approximately 15% for cases that resulted in a settlement. Our findings indicate that contract‐design changes are used to mitigate uncertainty in suppliers’ reputation. 相似文献
999.
In this paper we analyze an economy with two heterogeneous investors who both exhibit misspecified filtering models for the unobservable expected growth rate of the aggregated dividend. A key result of our analysis with respect to long-run investor survival is that there are degrees of model misspecification on the part of one investor for which there is no compensation by the other investor's deficiency. The main finding with respect to the asset pricing properties of our model is that the two dimensions of asset pricing and survival are basically independent. In scenarios when the investors are more similar with respect to their expected consumption shares, return volatilities can nevertheless be higher than in cases when they are very different. 相似文献
1000.
Capitalizing on the Bower-Burgelman process model of strategy making in a large, complex organization, we investigate the multilevel managerial activities that lead firms facing similar new business opportunities to respond with different strategic commitments. Our field-based data provide evidence on (I) the role of ‘corporate contexts’ that reflects top managers' crude strategic intent in shaping strategic initiatives of business-unit managers; (2) the critical influence of early business development results on increasing or decreasing middle managers' enthusiasm to the new businesses and top managers' confidence in these middle managers in a resource allocation; (3) the escalation or deescalation of a firm's strategic commitment to the new businesses as a consequence of iterations of resource allocation. We conclude that it is useful to conceptualize strategy making in a large, complex firm as an iterated process of resource allocation. 相似文献