A Gendered Model of the Peasant Household: Time poverty and Farm Production in Rural Mozambique

Using insights from a case study on the allocation of labor in subsistence households in Mozambique, this study develops a conceptual framework for examining linkages between time poverty and farm production. An unexpected event such as a health crisis increases the demand for labor provided by women, thus making them more time poor. The model and numerical simulations show that a deterioration in a woman's time constraint will have an adverse effect on agricultural output of the household. This occurs because most women respond to an increase in household work by reducing their work hours on the farm and by reducing their leisure time. The latter outcome is expected to have a negative effect on women's physical and mental health, which will then cause a decline in their productivity on the farm.     

Aligning corporate transfer intentions and subsidiary HRM practice implementation in multinational corporations

We study HRM practice implementation in subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) and diverge from extant research by focusing on alignment, which we conceptualize as the degree to which subsidiary implementation of HRM practices corresponds with the subsidiary-specific transfer intentions of corporate headquarters. In explaining alignment we examine different aspects of the headquarters–subsidiary relationship, namely, the extent of formal control, interpersonal relationships and subsidiary strategic HRM capabilities. Based on a sample of 105 subsidiaries from 12 Nordic MNCs, the results highlight the importance of expatriates, trust and the strategic HRM capabilities of the subsidiary HR function. We conduct post hoc analyses to shed further light on (i) the relationship between our independent variables and the two separate components of alignment – corporate intentions and subsidiary implementation, and (ii) two different types of misalignment – excessive and insufficient.     

Validating the international tourist role scale

This study was designed to validate the international tourist role scale and the three dimensions it revealed. The purpose of this attitudinal scale was to measure the tourist role typology. United States adult outbound tourists flying with 11 major airlines returned useful questionnaires. This study validated the role scale as a reliable one that properly identified three conceptual dimensions of international tourist typology and successfully provided measures of tourists’ novelty-seeking preferences on the three dimensions. The study demonstrated, however, that the scale would measure the novelty-seeking preferences of international tourists more effectively if it were supplemented by other measures.     

母子公司间高管纵向兼任与上市公司资本配置效率

已有研究主要基于母公司或控股股东等委托方利益视角,形成了对纵向高管兼任治理效应的认识。但这种假定忽视了兼任高管作为独立利益主体的利益诉求与私利动机对治理效应的影响。本文基于兼任高管所代表不同利益主体的视角,分析并检验母子公司间高管纵向兼任对上市公司资本配置效率的影响。研究表明,当母子公司间兼任高管代表母公司利益时,母子公司间高管兼任会通过降低子公司代理成本发挥监督效应,进而提升上市公司的资本配置效率;但是当兼任高管代表子公司利益时,母子公司间高管兼任并未发挥治理效应,甚至存在母子公司间高管兼任的上市公司中,代表子公司利益的高管兼任会将争取超额资金异化为寻租渠道,进而降低上市公司资本配置效率。本文将扩展对高管纵向兼任治理效应的理论解释,丰富上市公司资本配置效率决定机理的研究,对完善母子公司结构下的治理机制具有一定的启示意义。     

Determinants of reverse marketing knowledge transfer potential from emerging market subsidiaries to multinational enterprises’ headquarters

Emerging markets (EM) are becoming increasingly important for multinational enterprises because of their high growth potential and future prospects. The unique circumstances in EM lead to increased pressure to offer creative marketing solutions that can be leveraged across the multinational network. Setting up subsidiaries to tap into these markets offers companies the opportunity to integrate in the local community and access its knowledge-base for local and global innovations. Literature, however, reveals that EM subsidiaries have been largely ignored concerning their potential for reverse knowledge transfer (RKT), and marketing initiatives are expected to be developed in mature, developed markets. Our paper fills this gap in research and contributes to extant literature by identifying factors at unit, relationship and knowledge levels influencing RKT potential specific to marketing knowledge from EM subsidiaries. The conceptual discussion leads to study propositions and conceptual framework.     

开放教学模式中教师的角色转变

开放教学模式提倡学生的个别化自主学习,是把学生的自主学习能力放在突出的位置上,教师应充分调动学生自主学习的积极性,发挥自学的能力,教师给予必要的和关键的辅导,通过网络学习,大面积地提高国民素质。     

HR managers in five countries: what do they do and why does it matter?

The 1980s saw the need for change in the organizational role of human resource (HR) professionals, from the traditional employee champion and administrative expert to strategic business partner and change agent. The argument posited was that a more challenging environment compels organizations to turn to managing their HRs as a source of competitive advantage and that means an increasing business partnership for HR professionals. However, very few studies examine the execution of these multiple, sometimes contradictory roles, despite the risk that neglecting traditional roles endanger organizational performance in the long term. This five-country comparative study finds that multiple roles are at least moderately executed, and that these HR roles have different impact depending on the aspect of organizational performance. As well, a more challenging environment, defined here as legal constraints and industry challenges, generally does not have a significant moderating effect on the impact of the different HR roles on organizational performance.     

浅谈集团公司如何加强对子公司的管理

企业集团管理子公司最直接和最终的目标就是使企业价值最大化。然而,由于集团管理水平的参差不齐和认识上的差异,使一些集团公司在对子公司的管理上存在着诸多问题,只有解决好这些问题,使母子公司都能遵循一致的目标,对集权和分权程度达成共识和默契,才能切实提高集团公司对子公司的管理水平。     

Systems science serves enterprise integration: a tutorial

Enterprise integration is a major global challenge of these times. It is now possible for a new generation of practitioners to engage this challenge selectively by applying a recently articulated version of systems science (WSS). This tutorial paper argues that a half-century of disarray of the systems field can be seen as ending; and that the distillation of WSS to support a wide variety of application areas (in this instance, enterprise integration) can occupy practitioners as they harness the work program of complexity (WPOC) selectively. Carrying out the WPOC yields predictable portfolio components, consisting of a well-defined mix of tangible and intangible products. The three causes of poor intellectual productivity identified by Kenneth Boulding are nullified when appropriate role matching is achieved between WSS and enterprise integration.     

我国对外资银行准入的法人导向

《中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例》的出台是我国银行业在全面开放之际，对外资银行监管的一项重大举措，其中要求外资银行在我国境内开展全面业务时必须注册为独立法人的法人导向规定引起了质疑。实际上，这一规定并没有违背我国入世时对金融服务所作出的水平承诺和具体承诺，故我国没有违背我国在WTO项下的义务。而且，这一规定也具有“审慎例外”的审慎性，构成成员方可以背离GATS义务和金融承诺的审慎措施：