影响我国农民市场主体地位确立的制度因素

拥有自主产权是农民成为真正市场主体的必要条件,包括诸如组织制度、户籍制度、金融制度、社会保障制度等在内的产权支持系统是影响农民成为市场主体的充分条件。市场主体地位的高低在某种意义上是由经济实体在参与市场经济活动时所拥有的权利束决定的。推进农村经济市场化的过程就是加强农民市场主体地位的过程。进一步深化农村体制改革,从根本上消除不合理制度对农民的束缚,使农民成为真正的市场主体是解决当前“三农”问题的根本出路。     

Economic progress and skill obsolescence with network effects

Summary. We construct an OLG model with network effects to examine skill obsolescence when individuals can choose technological vintages. In the absence of transfer payments, some regions of the parameter space have unique stationary equilibria, others have unique cyclical equilibria, and others have multiple stationary equilibria. All equilibria are Pareto efficient. However, rat race equilibria can exist in which all agents currently alive prefer a slower rate of progress than occurs in equilibrium. When contemporaneous transfers are allowed, equilibria are unique everywhere, but a cycle still exists, and a rat race can still arise in equilibrium. Allowing intertemporal transfers (debt) ensures that all equilibria are stationary. In the relevant parameter range, the introduction of debt can eliminate cycles and increase the long-run growth rate. No rat race equilibria exist when debt is allowed.Received: 3 January 2002, Revised: 3 June 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: 041, J24, O33. Correspondence to: Ian P. KingEarly versions of this paper were presented at the West Coast Macro Workshop, the Mid-West Macro Meetings, the Canadian Macroeconomics Study Group Meetings, and the Society for Economic Dynamics Meetings. We would like to thank V. V. Chari, Merwan Engineer, Don Ferguson, John Hillas, John Knowles, Dan Peled, Dan Usher, Linda Welling and Julian Wright for helpful comments. We are especially grateful to an anonymous referee for some very useful and substantive comments.     

中医体质辨识结合六味地黄汤治疗老年性阴道炎患者的临床效果

目的探讨中医体质辨识结合六味地黄汤治疗老年性阴道炎患者的临床效果。方法选取2017年6月至2018年6月沈阳市大众医院收治的老年性阴道炎患者104例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组52例。对照组采用常规治疗方法,观察组在常规治疗基础上采取中医体质辨识结合六味地黄汤的治疗方法。比较两组的治疗效果,以及治疗前后症状体征改善情况、阴道健康状况。结果观察组治疗有效率为96.15%,高于对照组的73.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前症状体征积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组带下量(0.93±0.19)分、白带异味(0.65±0.24)分、阴道灼热(0.63±0.20)分、外阴瘙痒(0.71±0.25)分,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前阴道健康积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组阴道黏膜(1.01±0.38)分、阴道湿润(0.95±0.33)分、阴道弹力(1.32±0.34)分、阴道pH值(0.67±0.36)分、阴道清洁度(0.54±0.25)分,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年性阴道炎的治疗中,采取中医体质辨识结合六味地黄汤的治疗方法,能够提高治疗有效率,改善症状体征及阴道健康,临床效果显著。     

Comparing the impact of management support on police officers’ perceptions of discretionary power and engagement: Australia,USA and Malta

Abstract

This paper uses Social Exchange Theory as a lens for comparing the impact of management support upon police perceptions of discretionary power and employee engagement, across three countries. A survey-based, self-report process collected data from 193 police officers in Australia, 588 from the USA, and 249 from Malta. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. The findings suggest a significantly different management support context across the three countries, as well as significantly different perceptions of discretionary power. Across the three countries, police perceived relatively poor satisfaction with organizational management support and only some engagement levels. However, USA police perceived significantly more discretionary power than the other country samples. These findings provide greater clarity about the link between management support, discretionary power and engagement for the police officers. Since employee engagement likely affects policing outcomes, the findings suggest that poor management support of police officers could negatively affect the provided service. Potential strategies to enhance police engagement include (a) training police managers about how to manage so as to promote greater engagement, and (b) modifying police managers’ performance indicators in line with achieving better police engagement.     

基于系统动力学理论的军事物资保障系统分析与研究

从军事供应链理论的系统角度出发，对传统的保障模式进行优化整合，引进军事物资保障系统的概念。然后，以系统动力学理论为基础，分析了军事物资保障系统并运用Vensim_PLE软件进行计算机仿真建模。最后，通过对备选方案的评价分析，我们可以选出最优决策方案，并辅助决策者进行决策。     

引入供应链管理思想实现军事物流跨越式发展

供应链管理是物流管理的发展方向和趋势，是一体化的物流管理，是一种新的管理理念和模式。在军事物流领域借鉴和引入供应链管理思想，对提高军事物流保障能力和效益，促进军事物流跨越式发展提供了重要的契机和理论依据。本文从供应链管理的科学内涵、引入供应链管理的必要性以及应关注的几个问题等三个方面进行了论述。     

Model selection in random effects models for directed graphs using approximated Bayes factors

With the development of an MCMC algorithm, Bayesian model selection for the p ₂ model for directed graphs has become possible. This paper presents an empirical exploration in using approximate Bayes factors for model selection. For a social network of Dutch secondary school pupils from different ethnic backgrounds it is investigated whether pupils report that they receive more emotional support from within their own ethnic group. Approximated Bayes factors seem to work, but considerable margins of error have to be reckoned with.     

Nonresponse Bias and Stimulus Effects in the Dutch National Election Study

Bias is a much-debated issue in survey research. Answer effects (respondents claim to have behaved differently than they did in reality), nonresponse bias (nonrespondents differ on important variables from the respondents) and stimulus effects (by participating in a previous wave of a study, respondents change their behavior or attitude) can seriously distort the results of survey research. By using data from the 1998 Dutch National Election Study the authors show that the results of election research can indeed be affected by bias. Not only are significant effects found in the distribution of political attitude and voting behavior variables as a result of both nonresponse bias and stimulus effects, it is also shown that relations between variables change as a result of bias.     

山区工业化与山区环境协调发展研究──以浙江山区为例

根据发展经济学和环境经济学理论，研究山区工业化进程及其外部效果，剖析山区环境问题产生的机理和要素，探讨山区环境与经济协调发展的有效对策。     

黔西南“精神扶贫”工作开展的现状与不足

黔西南州是贵州省连片贫困的典型地区,是打赢脱贫攻坚战的关键区域。通过艰苦卓绝的奋斗,黔西南州的精准扶贫工作取得了重大成果。在“精神扶贫”领域,黔西南州在“扶智”“扶志”方面取得了很大成效,但还存在对“扶智”“扶志”认识不足、投入不足、主体错位,缺乏“扶智”“扶志”的文化自信等不足,这是持续打赢脱贫攻坚战面临的重大挑战。