控制火电厂二氧化硫排放的有效途径——排污权交易

目前,我国工业二氧化硫排放量中有42%是火电厂排放的,因此高效控制火电厂的二氧化硫排放是提高空气质量的主要途径。美国利用排污权交易治理火电厂的二氧化硫排放取得了巨大的成功,不仅二氧化硫排放量大幅下降,而且排污权交易也被证明是成本最低的方法。借鉴美国的经验,可以为我国治理火电厂二氧化硫排放提供高效途径。     

Expected utility theory and the experiments

The experimental evidence against expected utility theo or unconvincing. When one modifies the experiments to mi tends to support traditional theory.Dewey H. Johnson Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, University of South Carolina. I am grateful for comments from seminar participants at the University of Melbourne, University of South Carolina, University of Stockholm, and the University of Western Ontario. John Hey provided a firm, but sympathetic, editorial hand.     

我国的M1/M2(1978-2002):长期趋势、水平与周期波动

本对我国1978—2002年的M1／M2的长期趋势、水平和周期波动进行了研究，结果表明1978—1995年，中国的M1／M2呈急剧下降的态势，但是从1996至今则基本保持平稳。另外从国别比较来看，我国属于M1／M2比较高的国家(地区)之一，这表明我国的居民和企业由于支付制度、取款成本、规避税收等原因比美、日等国家的经济主体对M1的需求高很多。除开长期走势之外，中国的M1／M2还伴随着经济活动呈周期性的波动，实证分析结果表明1996年前的经济增长率是M1／M2周期波动的Granger原因，但1996年以后则必须由名义利率、通货膨胀率和股票市场交易量的变动才能说明M1／M2的波动。     

Back on the balance sheet: The tax effects of contingent claims in commercial banking

Contingent claims separate revenue and cost into two different time periods. Revenue comes in the initial origination process, while the cost comes upon completion of the contract in the event of default. With banks increasing contingent claims in recent years, a higher taxable income leads to a shift in a bank's balance sheet toward tax-free income and tax-shielding liabilities. This provides a valuable case-study of corporate finance theories of tax management. This paper builds a model to illustrate the income features of contingent claims. Call Reports from 1990-1996 are examined, and show significant evidence of increases in leverage associated with contingent claims.     

Estimating the Euler equation for output

New Keynesian macroeconomic models have generally emphasized that expectations of future output are a key factor in determining current output. The theoretical motivation for such forward-looking behavior relies on a straightforward generalization of the well-known Euler equation for consumption. In this paper, we use maximum likelihood and generalized method of moments (GMM) methods to explore the empirical importance of output expectations. We find little evidence that rational expectations of future output help determine current output, especially after taking into account the small-sample bias in GMM.     

Technology improves sales performance—doesn't it?: An introduction to the special issue on selling and sales technology

Firms around the globe are rushing to invest in sales force technology or sales force automation (SFA). SFA appears to mean different things to different people. For example, management and sales personnel view the need for, application of, and advantages of SFA quite distinctly. As a result of technology, this special issue examines many areas of sales force automation to provide both practicing managers and sales force academicians with a clearer perspective of new technology in the B2B marketplace. This article introduces the special issue topic, individual contributors, and acknowledges support proffered by myriad individuals.     

Examining the disclosures on the websites of English credit unions

This paper examines the disclosures made on English credit unions’ websites. Credit unions without a website are presumed to be small. Community credit unions with websites tend to offer basic services with a limited range of products that may appeal to poorer members of society. Occupational credit unions appear more likely to have a greater range of products.     

Energy and CO2 emission relationships in the NAFTA trading bloc: a multi-regional multi-factor energy input–output approach

The North-America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has brought together the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the US into forming one of the largest trading blocs worldwide (within the top CO₂ emitters). However, the current global protectionist discourse threatens the agreement. This paper analyzes the energy and energy-related CO₂ emission relationships between NAFTA countries in 2014 to gain insights into the climate change implications of current integration and the possible cancelation of the agreement. The analysis is performed with a multi-regional version of the multi-factor energy input–output model. The results show that NAFTA has not built a single integrated energy system, though it has helped reduce energy-related CO₂ emissions. Moreover, if NAFTA is not revoked, further integration would depend on the capacity of the Mexican energy sector to converge to the performance of its trade partners’ energy sectors. Conversely, a broken deal would induce negative environmental externalities.     

江西省耕地后备资源潜力分布及开发组合序列分析

[目的]根据耕地后备资源的分布特征研究其开发组合序列是有效开发利用耕地后备资源、补充耕地的重要前提。文章利用江西省耕地后备资源调查评价成果,以县为分级单元对全省耕地后备资源进行开发潜力分级,对江西省耕地后备资源开发组合序列进行研究,从而为江西省耕地后备资源的开发顺序提供参考。[方法]利用Arc GIS空间图形分析法、DPS数据处理系统两维图论聚类等方法确定开发潜力等级以及开发序列。[结果]江西省耕地后备资源开发潜力从高到底依次分为Ⅰ级潜力区、Ⅱ级潜力区、Ⅲ级潜力区和Ⅳ级潜力区,面积分别为2.726 672万hm~2、2.306 897万hm~2、2.873 594万hm~2、1.378 88万hm~2。[结论]根据两维图论聚类法分析结果得知,江西省各县地域相似程度较高可优先开发的组合有进贤县-南昌县-余干县-鄱阳县-彭泽县;袁州区-分宜县-上高县-渝水区-樟树市;进贤县-南昌县-余干县-鄱阳县-都昌县和樟树市-渝水区-上高县-高安市-奉新县-安义县-永修县等。     

基于电子商务平台的农产品营销模式研究——以重庆为例

随着互联网普及程度越来越高,农产品电子商务作为一种新型营销方式在现代营销中具有重要的作用。文章首先对电子商务相关概念和基础理论进行概述,明确了电子商务的重要性。其次在对重庆市农产品电子商务营销现状及问题分析的基础上,对目前重庆市现有的3种电子商务营销模式,即为电子市场交易模式、网络中介模式、网络虚拟社区模式进行深入分析。最后,从建立健全农产品电子商务相关法律和制度、大力培养农产品电子商务专业人才、开展多种形式的农产品电子营销模式,实施农牧产品与农商旅联动营销战略等几方面提出促进重庆市电子商务发展的策略。