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71.
The paper considers a two-country model of overlapping generation heterogenous economies with intergenerational transfers carried out in the form of bequest and investment in human capital. We examine in competitive equilibrium the transitory and long-run effects of capital markets integration. First, we explore how the regime of public education affects the dynamics of the integrated economy. Second, we study the effects of capital markets integration, in equilibrium, on the intragenerational income distribution in both the host and investing country. 相似文献
72.
通过对黄龙洞年内不同季节定点测定,同时与对旅游影响还不大的龙王洞对比测定,作者发现黄龙滑滑内空气CO2浓度的明显变化主要受客流量的影响。旅游旺季和黄金周客流量急剧增长带来的洞内空气CO2浓度大幅度增长,有利于岩溶作用,但洞内黑暗、高湿、低温的生态环境,对洞内工作人员身体健康有害。洞穴内岩溶景观的变化,主要受漫长的自然岩溶过程的影响,与洞内开发旅游活动的关系不大,但与洞顶山地植被保护状况有密切关系。 相似文献
73.
Endogenous lifetime and economic growth 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Shankha Chakraborty 《Journal of Economic Theory》2004,116(1):119-137
Endogenous mortality is introduced in a two-period overlapping generations model: probability of surviving from the first period to the next depends upon health capital that is augmented through public investment. High mortality societies do not grow fast since shorter lifespans discourage savings; development traps are possible. Productivity differences across nations result in persistent differences in capital-output ratios and relatively larger gaps in income and mortality. High mortality also reduces returns on education, where risks are undiversifiable. When human capital drives economic growth, countries differing in health capital do not converge to similar living standards, ‘threshold effects’ may also result. 相似文献
74.
Rutger Hoekstra Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,23(3):357-378
Many environmental problems can be attributedto the extraction and emissions of physicalsubstances. Increasing our understanding of theeconomic and technological driving forcesbehind these physical flows can contribute tosolving the environmental problems related tothem. The input-output framework is a usefulsetting in which to integrate detailedinformation about economic structure andphysical flows. In this article a specificmethod in input-output analysis is reviewed,namely Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA).It is based on comparative static analysis,which decomposes historical changes of a policyvariable into determinant effects. SDA has beenapplied, for example, to analyze the demand andtechnological driving forces of energy use,CO2-emissions and various other pollutantsand resources. This article examines thetheoretical aspects of structuraldecomposition, in particular those concerningphysical flows and environmental issues.Furthermore, the article includes an extensivesurvey of empirical studies. 相似文献
75.
Several countries have introduced taxes on fossil fuels with the aim of reducing atmospheric emissions, partly because of
local environmental goals (SO2, NOx) and partly to participate in a global effort to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Many macroeconomic studies, based
on both global and national models, have been made of how emissions can be reduced with the help of taxes and the consequent
reduction in GDP following the introduction of such taxes. Norway has had a CO2 tax for five years, thereby providing a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of this tax on emissions. The paper provides
a counterfactual analysis of energy consumption and emissions if no CO2 taxes had been introduced, compared with the actual situation in which such taxes exist. The effect of a CO2 tax on oil consumption, and thus CO2 emissions is studied on the basis of partial economic models for various sectors of the Norwegian economy. The study indicates
that the CO2 tax has had an impact on CO2 emissions in Norway. 相似文献
76.
The Effect of Protest Votes on the Estimates of WTP for Use Values of Recreational Sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elisabetta Strazzera Margarita Genius Riccardo Scarpa George Hutchinson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(4):461-476
Contingent valuation studies are often characterized by a considerable number of protest responses, which may cause selectivity bias on the final estimates for WTP. Sample selection models can detect and – if necessary – correct selectivity bias. In economic applications where the relevant dependent variable is continuous, sample selection models are generally estimated using Heckman's 2-step method rather than the FIML estimator. Either method has its own drawback: computational complexity for the FIML method, susceptibility to collinearity problems for the 2-step method. Using data on valuation of forest resources for recreational use, we analyse the performance of the two estimators. In this application, given the presence of some collinearity, the FIML is preferred to the 2-step method. A procedure is outlined to deal with selectivity problems in similar settings. 相似文献
77.
城市森林固定CO2价值评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用我国第四次森林资源清样调查资料对上海市森林植被碳储量和碳密度的估算结果,结合植物的光合作用过程计算上海市森林固定CO2的能力,采用造林成本法对上海市森林固定CO2的价值进行了评估。笔者希望通过该研究激发人们保护城市森林以维持城市生态系统可持续发展的积极性,并为合理地进行城市森林管理和城市绿化提供参考。另外,利用系统连续的森林资源清样调查资料评估森林植被的固碳价值,能够对我国更好地履行《联合国气候变化框架公约(》UNFCCC),并为依据《京都议定书(》KyotoProtocol)进行环境外交提供帮助。 相似文献
78.
中美第三方物流市场需求的比较分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
第三方物流作为一种新兴的产业在我国飞速发展并得到热切关注。本文描述中美第三方物流发展概况并分析比较中美第三方物流市场需求,从而认识到我国应借鉴美国等西方发达国家经验,加快我国第三方物流发展,特别应加强第三方物流信息与增值服务。 相似文献
79.
第三方物流企业的发展需要合理的市场定位。发展中国的第三方物流,第三方物流企业必须合理而有序的进行自身的市场定位,从而有效的规避市场风险。接受中国目前的物流市场环境约束,第三方物流企业应该参照地域优势的指标,形成业内的逆时针供应链,提高自身的服务能力。 相似文献
80.
张献民 《石家庄经济学院学报》1993,(4)
本文通过对新装置条件下位场特征的分析,应用边界单元法及解析法的计算结果,发现当二维或三维电性不均匀体与测量电极位于背景场同一等位面时,视电阻率异常反映最明显。从而提出了圆弧交会法确定二维或三维地电体中心理深的方法,并给出了若干计算实例。结果表明,此方法简便有效且精度较高。 相似文献