集群——国外家具产业发展的经验与启示

根据国外家具产业的发展经验，集群是家具产业发展的共同选择之一。究其原因，与家具产业的特性密切相关：家具产业的发展必须顺应潮流而动，并需要众多配套供应和相关服务，对技术要求也越来越高。要推动我国家具产业发展，有必要借鉴国外家具产业发展的经验，加大对家具产业集群的扶持力度，以集群作为家具产业发展战略的重点之一。由此，政府要致力于制度和环境的改善，为集群的形成和良性发展创造有利的外部环境和健康的内部机制；要充分发挥龙头企业的“羊群效应”，鼓励和推动集群内企业的分工与协作；并始终把创新作为集群保持长久竞争力的不变法则。     

土地经营权的性质研究 ——基于土地经营权抵押贷款规范性文件的分析

研究目的:明确农村土地"三权分置"中土地经营权的性质。研究方法:采用文献分析法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)土地经营权抵押贷款实践中的农村土地权利结构逻辑各不相同。不同的农村土地权利结构直接影响土地经营权的性质。(2)农村土地"三权分置"是将土地承包经营权分置为土地承包权和土地经营权,从而采用"土地所有权——土地承包权——土地经营权"的农村土地权利结构。土地经营权将取代土地承包经营权,成为法定的用益物权。(3)土地经营权人既可以是通过家庭承包方式取得土地经营权的农户,也可以是通过转让、互换或者入股等流转方式获得土地经营权的新型农业经营主体。在期限届满之前,土地经营权应当独立于土地承包权存在,土地承包权消灭与否对土地经营权不产生影响。研究结论:明确土地经营权属于用益物权,才能解决土地经营权抵押贷款实践的疑难问题,从而促进土地经营权有序流转。     

发达国家林产品绿色政府采购政策兴起及发展趋势

回顾了英国、新西兰、丹麦、法国、日本等发达国家的林产品绿色政府采购政策兴起及其历程,并对未来发展趋势进行分析。虽然实施时间比较短,林产品绿色政府采购政策的实施效果尚难以得到准确评估,但从长远来看,实施林产品绿色政府采购政策将促进林产品的合法交易和相关国家木材的可持续发展,具有较好的发展前景。另一方面因国情不同,木材贸易现状各异,目前各国对林产品绿色政府采购政策分歧较大。中国作为木材贸易大国,对此应加以重视。     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

国内外土地整理项目评价研究进展

研究目的:通过查阅国内外文献,对土地整理评价的相关研究进展进行详尽梳理,指明土地整理项目评价需进一步深入研究的方向。研究方法:文献综述法,归纳分析法。研究结果:(1)国内外土地整理项目评价研究取得了丰硕的成果,但已有研究较多关注评价指标构建及评价数值的获取,而较少涉及评价结果的影响机理以及改善对策等的内容;(2)国内土地整理项目评价中绩效理念尚未植入,多项目评价的比较研究缺乏。研究结论:今后国内土地整理项目评价研究应注重比较研究方法的应用,围绕绩效评价、影响机理与改善对策、质量控制以及评价管理等主题继续完善和深化。     

Does Improved Environmental Policy Enhance Economic Growth?

The environmental impacts on an economy is studied over time using endogenous growth theory. Externalities from the environment on production are central in the analysis, and we examine whether an optimal path realizes more rapid economic growth. The paper focuses mainly on developing countries, where production is largely influenced by the environmental quality. The result of the analysis indicates that the economic growth rate may not depend on the internalization of the environmental externality, but rather on the internalization of the human capital externality. The level of economic activity, however, generally seems to depend on the internalization of both externalities.     

COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS FOR DEVELOPMENT POLICY ANALYSIS IN LDCs

Abstract. The use of CGE models has gained much popularity among policy analysts in LDCs and there is a fast growing body of literature on this area of economics. In this survey, the advantages of general equilibrium approach over partial equilibrium approach in analysing a wide range of policy issues are highlighted. The evolution of CGE modelling is discussed and more than 60 CGE applications related to different policy issues in LDCs are surveyed. This comprehensive survey shows that the CGE models have become quite popular analytical tools among policy analysts in LDCs over the last decade or so. The debate in the economic profession regarding the value and appropriateness of using CGE models for policy analysis is examined in the final section of this paper. Some of the criticisms levelled at CGE models are discussed and it is argued that despite this criticism such models are capable of providing insight into important policy problems.     

巴塞尔新资本协议对发展中国家潜在影响评述

巴塞尔新资本协议自1999年6月提出征求意见稿,到2004年6月26日正式公布最终稿,并于2006年底在10国集团开始实施。新资本协议从出现就成为众人关注和研究的焦点,围绕它的争论也一直没有停息过。人们纷纷对新资本协议的复杂性、风险敏感性以及在不同市场环境中的适应性,尤其对发展中国家的影响等方面进行了广泛的研究。本文将对此方面的研究成果、最新进展和现实意义进行总结和概括,并且指出存在的分歧和问题,以便更深入地研究。     

Situating the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in the context of global economic governance

The creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)was welcomed by the World Bank but opposed by the Obamaadministration. The paper explains China’s positive relationshipwith the Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD) in terms of the mission of the Bank, sharedby the OECD, to develop and deepen the global economy. The AIIBand the related Belt and Road initiative promise to do this throughinvestment in infrastructure and connectivity in and around thepoorly integrated Eurasian landmass. But while the current Chineseleadership has supported an inclusive global economy based uponfree trade and supported by multilateral institutions, China’s controlof resources outside the multilateral framework and adherence topractices that challenge liberal principles prompt suspicions thatthese commitments are either disingenuous or anyway subjectto reversal. In itself, therefore, the AIIB provides no conclusiveevidence either way on China’s future course.     

Business Cycles Synchronisation and Symmetries in the Transition to East African Monetary Union

Our paper explores the prospects for the proposed East African Monetary Union (EAMU) by employing rigorous empirical tools to analyse business cycles synchronisation, structural cross-correlations, spectral decomposition and regional clusters to identify different cyclical episodes, periodicities and characterise the economic cycles of East African countries. We find that cyclical movements reflect various idiosyncratic, common, historical and external shocks in the region. Secondly, all countries appear to be structurally correlated with each other except for South Sudan and Burundi. Our results also observe that the contemporaneous co-movements of East African Community (EAC) cycles with those of Kenya and Tanzaniaare procyclical with coincidental path shift, while the same EAC cycles appear to be acyclical with those of Burundi. Additionally, from the spectral decomposition, Kenyan cycles take 10 years to complete, while those of Tanzania and Rwanda take 8 years. Ugandan and Burundian cycles take approximately 5 years, while the cyclical frequency for South Sudan corresponds to 3.3 years. Finally, the cluster characterisation of countries reveals that South Sudan, Burundi and Rwanda form a group, while Kenya and Tanzania from a group distinct from the rest. We urge the member countries to prioritise policies on regional risk-sharing and adjustment mechanisms, in addition to establishing credible institutional infrastructure that ensures surveillance and enforcement of convergence conditions adopted in EAMU protocol.